Fagioli I, Cipolli C, Baroncini P, Fumai A, Salzarulo P
University of Trento, Italy.
Am J Psychol. 1989 Fall;102(3):307-20.
This study investigated ways in which predictions from interference theory might explain partial or total failure in the morning recall of mental sleep experience (MSE) episodes reported after provoked night awakening. Interference could take place either between the contents of one MSE episode (intraserial interference) or between the contents of different MSE episodes (interserial interference) and would be more likely to affect morning recall where similar (i.e., interrelated) contents in MSEs are involved. If interference were mainly intraserial, in the morning there would be no change in the difficulty of retrieving interrelated contents, whereas, if it were mainly interserial, there would be increased difficulty in the retrieval of such contents. All the possible pairs of reports obtained by awakening 8 subjects four times in REM sleep during each of four experimental nights spaced at weekly intervals were scored for interrelated contents, using Clark's (1970) system of analysis of paired units, which operates by matching linguistic features. Results showed that interrelations in morning report pairs are as frequent as in night report pairs, maintaining the same linguistic characteristics and with little transfer of contents from one MSE to another. Overall these findings are compatible with the hypothesis that interference is primarily intraserial rather than interserial. It is consequently suggested that morning recall failure may be due to temporary blocking of retrieval.
本研究探讨了干扰理论的预测可能解释在夜间诱发唤醒后报告的心理睡眠体验（MSE）事件的早晨回忆中部分或完全失败的方式。干扰可能发生在一个MSE事件的内容之间（系列内干扰）或不同MSE事件的内容之间（系列间干扰），并且在涉及MSE中相似（即相关）内容的情况下更有可能影响早晨回忆。如果干扰主要是系列内的，那么早晨检索相关内容的难度不会改变，而如果主要是系列间的，那么检索此类内容的难度将会增加。在每周间隔的四个实验夜晚中的每个夜晚，在快速眼动睡眠期间将8名受试者唤醒4次，获得所有可能的报告对，使用克拉克（1970）的配对单元分析系统对相关内容进行评分，该系统通过匹配语言特征进行操作。结果表明，早晨报告对中的相关性与夜间报告对中的相关性一样频繁，保持相同的语言特征，并且内容从一个MSE到另一个MSE的转移很少。总体而言，这些发现与干扰主要是系列内而非系列间的假设一致。因此，有人认为早晨回忆失败可能是由于检索的暂时受阻。
