a Department of Internal Medicine , Japan Seafares Relief Association, Moji Ekisaikai Hospital , Kitakyushu , Fukuoka , Japan.
b Department of Medicine and Clinical Science , Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan.
Clin Exp Hypertens. 2017;39(1):29-33. doi: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1200605. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate blood pressure (BP) control and salt intake in hypertensive outpatients treated at a general hospital and to examine the relationship between their lifestyles and amount of salt intake. Subjects comprised 429 hypertensive patients (206 males, 223 females, and average age of 71 ± 11 years). We estimated 24-hour salt excretion using spot urine samples and assessed lifestyle using a self-description questionnaire. Average clinic BP and the number of antihypertensive drugs were 132 ± 11/73 ± 8 mmHg and 1.8 ± 0.9, respectively. In all subjects, average estimated salt intake was 9.2 ± 2.8 g/day and the rate of achievement of the estimated salt intake of <6 g/day was 11.2%. In patients with chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular disease, these values were 8.6 ± 2.6 g/day and 15.5%, and 9.1 ± 3.3 g/day and 18.2%, respectively. Estimated salt intake was lower in patients living alone than in those with a family. In a multivariate analysis, estimated salt intake correlated positively with body mass index and negatively with age. Among patients with an excessive salt intake (≥10 g/day), 75.2% answered that they made an effort to reduce their salt intake. The amount of food and processed food consumption correlated with estimated salt intake. In conclusion, the rate of achievement of salt restriction was low in hypertensive patients treated at a general hospital. It may be important to provide data on actual salt intake and guide salt restriction in the individual management of hypertension.
本研究旨在调查在综合医院接受治疗的高血压门诊患者的血压（BP）控制和盐摄入量，并探讨其生活方式与盐摄入量之间的关系。研究对象包括 429 名高血压患者（男 206 名，女 223 名，平均年龄 71±11 岁）。我们使用随机尿样估算 24 小时盐排泄量，并使用自我描述问卷评估生活方式。平均诊室 BP 和降压药数量分别为 132±11/73±8mmHg 和 1.8±0.9。在所有患者中，平均估计盐摄入量为 9.2±2.8g/天，<6g/天的估计盐摄入量达标率为 11.2%。在慢性肾脏病或心血管疾病患者中，这些值分别为 8.6±2.6g/天和 15.5%，9.1±3.3g/天和 18.2%。与有家庭的患者相比，独居患者的估计盐摄入量较低。在多变量分析中，估计盐摄入量与体重指数呈正相关，与年龄呈负相关。在盐摄入量过多（≥10g/天）的患者中，75.2%的患者回答他们努力减少盐摄入量。食物和加工食品的摄入量与估计盐摄入量相关。综上所述，在综合医院接受治疗的高血压患者中，盐限制达标率较低。在高血压的个体化管理中，提供实际盐摄入量的数据并指导盐限制可能很重要。
