Fola Abebe A, Harrison G L Abby, Hazairin Mita Hapsari, Barnadas Céline, Hetzel Manuel W, Iga Jonah, Siba Peter M, Mueller Ivo, Barry Alyssa E
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Mar;96(3):630-641. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0716. Epub 2017 Apr 6.
and have varying transmission dynamics that are informed by molecular epidemiology. This study aimed to determine the complexity of infection and genetic diversity of and throughout Papua New Guinea (PNG) to evaluate transmission dynamics across the country. In 2008-2009, a nationwide malaria indicator survey collected 8,936 samples from all 16 endemic provinces of PNG. Of these, 892 positive samples were genotyped at and , and 758 positive samples were genotyped at . The data were analyzed for multiplicity of infection (MOI) and genetic diversity. Overall, had higher polyclonality (71%) and mean MOI (2.32) than (20%, 1.39). These measures were significantly associated with prevalence for but not for . The genetic diversity of (: expected heterozygosity = 0.95, 0.85-0.98; : 0.78, 0.66-0.89) was higher and less variable than that of (: 0.89, 0.65-0.97). Significant associations of MOI with allelic richness (rho = 0.69, = 0.009) and expected heterozygosity (rho = 0.87, < 0.001) were observed for . Conversely, genetic diversity was not correlated with polyclonality nor mean MOI for . The results demonstrate higher complexity of infection and genetic diversity of across the country. Although shows a strong association of these parameters with prevalence, a lack of association was observed for and is consistent with higher potential for outcrossing of this species.
并且具有不同的传播动态，这些动态由分子流行病学提供信息。本研究旨在确定整个巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）疟原虫感染的复杂性和基因多样性，以评估该国的传播动态。在2008 - 2009年，一项全国疟疾指标调查从PNG的所有16个疟疾流行省份收集了8936份样本。其中，892份疟原虫阳性样本在[具体基因位点1]和[具体基因位点2]进行了基因分型，758份疟原虫阳性样本在[具体基因位点3]进行了基因分型。对数据进行了感染复数（MOI）和基因多样性分析。总体而言，疟原虫的多克隆性（71%）和平均MOI（2.32）高于疟原虫（20%，1.39）。这些指标与疟原虫的流行率显著相关，但与疟原虫无关。疟原虫的基因多样性（[具体疟原虫1]：预期杂合度 = 0.95，0.85 - 0.98；[具体疟原虫2]：0.78，0.66 - 0.89）高于疟原虫（[具体疟原虫3]：0.89，0.65 - 0.97）且变异性较小。观察到疟原虫的MOI与等位基因丰富度（rho = 0.69，p = 0.009）和预期杂合度（rho = 0.87，p < 0.001）有显著关联。相反，疟原虫的基因多样性与多克隆性和平均MOI均无相关性。结果表明，该国疟原虫感染的复杂性和基因多样性更高。虽然疟原虫显示出这些参数与流行率有很强的关联，但未观察到疟原虫的关联，这与该物种更高的杂交潜力一致。
