Leclercq S, Tisserand M, Saulnier H
a Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité , Avenue de Bourgogne, BP No. 27 , Vandoeuvre Cedex , 54501 , France.
Ergonomics. 1995 Feb;38(2):197-208. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925097.
According to tribology science, the friction force produced at the sliding interface between a rubber piece and an inflexible surface presents three main components: the first is due to molecular adhesion between the two bodies, it occurs at the regions of real contact; the second is a hysteresis component resulting from the periodic excitation of the bulk of the rubber by surface roughness; the third is due to effects of product shape. The shape of the elastomer product and the conditions in which the friction occurs (lubricant, roughness of the inflexible surface, etc.) determine the appearance of each one of these components and its importance. Experimentations made by the French national research and safety Institute (INRS) revealed adhesion and hysteresis components in the lubricated friction of an elastomer over a representative sample of industrial floor surfaces. Measurements have been made by means of a portable friction tester (PFT) assessing sliding resistance of floor coverings. The sliding movement takes place between a braked test wheel and the floor covering. The effect of product shape is insignificant as the wheel is covered with smooth elastomer. The friction force produced at the sliding interface between the elastomer and the floor covering has been evaluated on smooth and rough floors, and under different lubrication conditions (flooded with water, large, medium and small quantities of mineral oil). Several test wheels, with different and sometimes used rubber coverings, have been employed. The friction force is altered when the elastomer composition or the state of the elastomer that is covering the test wheel changes. The differences pointed out depend also on floor covering roughness and lubrication. The importance of either the adhesion or hysteresis components of the friction force in accordance with the composition and the state of the elastomer that is covering the test wheel, the lubricant amount, and the floor covering roughness enable the interpretation of these differences. Some experimental results are explained from the squeeze lubricant film process. This experimental study permits a better understanding of phenomena produced at the sliding interface between a rubber sole and a floor covering when a pedestrian slips. It also plays a great part in bringing the portable friction tester into operation in order to carry out a measurement campaign of slipping resistance of industrial floors.
根据摩擦学原理，橡胶块与刚性表面之间的滑动界面产生的摩擦力主要有三个组成部分：第一部分是由于两个物体之间的分子粘附，它发生在实际接触区域；第二部分是由表面粗糙度对橡胶本体的周期性激励产生的滞后分量；第三部分是产品形状的影响。弹性体产品的形状以及摩擦发生的条件（润滑剂、刚性表面的粗糙度等）决定了这些分量中每一个的表现及其重要性。法国国家研究与安全研究所（INRS）进行的实验揭示了弹性体在工业地板表面代表性样本上的润滑摩擦中的粘附和滞后分量。通过便携式摩擦测试仪（PFT）对地板覆盖物的滑动阻力进行了测量。滑动运动发生在制动的测试轮与地板覆盖物之间。由于测试轮覆盖有光滑的弹性体，产品形状的影响不显著。在光滑和粗糙的地板上以及不同的润滑条件下（用水淹没、大量、中等和少量矿物油），对弹性体与地板覆盖物之间的滑动界面产生的摩擦力进行了评估。使用了几个带有不同且有时使用过的橡胶覆盖物的测试轮。当覆盖测试轮的弹性体成分或弹性体状态发生变化时，摩擦力会改变。指出的差异还取决于地板覆盖物的粗糙度和润滑情况。根据覆盖测试轮的弹性体的成分和状态、润滑剂量以及地板覆盖物粗糙度，摩擦力的粘附或滞后分量的重要性能够解释这些差异。一些实验结果从挤压润滑膜过程的角度进行了解释。这项实验研究有助于更好地理解行人滑倒时橡胶鞋底与地板覆盖物之间的滑动界面产生的现象。它在使便携式摩擦测试仪投入运行以开展工业地板防滑阻力测量活动方面也发挥了重要作用。
