Provost Patrick
CHU de Québec Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Room T1-65, QC G1V 4G2 Quebec.
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017 May 1;55(5):657-666. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0895.
Circulating blood platelets play a central role in the maintenance of hemostasis. They adhere to subendothelial extracellular matrix proteins that become exposed upon vessel wall damage, which is followed by platelet activation, further platelet recruitment, platelet aggregation and formation of an occlusive, or non-occlusive, platelet thrombus. Platelets host a surprisingly diverse transcriptome, which is comprised of ~9500 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and different classes of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, as well as a significant repertoire of proteins that contribute to their primary (adhesion, aggregation, granule secretion) and alternative (RNA transfer, mRNA translation, immune regulation) functions. Platelets have the propensity to release microparticles (MPs; 0.1-1 μm in diameter) upon activation, which may mediate inflammatory responses and contribute to exacerbate inflammatory diseases and conditions. Carrying components of the platelets' cytoplasm, platelet MPs may exert their effects on recipient cells by transferring their content in platelet-derived bioactive lipid mediators, cytokines, mRNAs and microRNAs. Platelet MP-associated microRNAs may thus function also outside of platelets and play an important role in intercellular signaling and gene expression programming across the entire circulatory system. The role and importance of platelet MP-associated microRNAs in various aspects of biology and pathophysiology are increasingly recognized, and now provide the scientific basis and rationale to support further translational research and clinical studies. The clinical significance, pathophysiological role as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of platelet MP-associated microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, platelet transfusion and cancer will be discussed.
循环血液中的血小板在维持止血过程中发挥着核心作用。它们黏附于血管壁受损时暴露的内皮下细胞外基质蛋白，随后血小板被激活，进一步募集血小板，血小板聚集并形成闭塞性或非闭塞性血小板血栓。血小板拥有令人惊讶的多样化转录组，其中包括约9500种信使核糖核酸（mRNA）和不同类别的非编码RNA，包括微小RNA，以及大量有助于其主要功能（黏附、聚集、颗粒分泌）和其他功能（RNA转移、mRNA翻译、免疫调节）的蛋白质。血小板在激活时倾向于释放微粒（MPs；直径0.1 - 1μm），这些微粒可能介导炎症反应并加剧炎症性疾病和病症。携带血小板细胞质成分的血小板微粒可能通过在血小板衍生的生物活性脂质介质、细胞因子、mRNA和微小RNA中传递其内容物，对受体细胞产生影响。因此，与血小板微粒相关的微小RNA也可能在血小板外发挥作用，并在整个循环系统的细胞间信号传导和基因表达编程中发挥重要作用。血小板微粒相关微小RNA在生物学和病理生理学各个方面的作用和重要性日益得到认可，现在为支持进一步的转化研究和临床研究提供了科学依据和原理。将讨论血小板微粒相关微小RNA在心血管疾病、血小板输血和癌症中的临床意义、病理生理作用以及诊断和治疗潜力。
