Salcuni Silvia, Di Riso Daniela, Mabilia Diana, Lis Adriana
Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di Padova Padova, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jan 4;7:2021. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02021. eCollection 2016.
Few studies have investigated the outcomes and process of psychodynamic psychotherapies with children. Among the limited number of studies, some only paid attention to play and verbal production, as they are fundamental aspects in assessing the psychotherapy process. This paper focuses on an empirical investigation of a 3-year, once-a-week psychodynamic psychotherapy carried out with a 3-year-old girl. A process-outcome design was implemented to evaluate play and verbal discourse in in the initial, middle, and final parts of 30 psychotherapy sessions. Repeated measurements of standardized play categories (the Play Category System and the Affect in Play Scale-Preschool version) and verbal discourse (Verbal Production) were analyzed. To increase the clinical validity of the study, data from the assessment phase and vignettes from the sessions were reported to deepen the patient's picture during the unfolding therapy process. Parent reports before and after the therapy were also included. Empirically measured changes in play and verbal production were fundamental in evaluating the young patient's psychotherapy process. Verbal production and discourse ability progressively increased and took the place of play, which instead became more symbolic. Developmental issues as well as psychotherapy's influence on the patient's change, were discussed in relation to the role of play in enhancing the development of verbal dialog and the expression of the child's emotions, needs, and desires.
很少有研究调查儿童心理动力心理治疗的结果和过程。在数量有限的研究中，一些研究只关注游戏和言语表达，因为它们是评估心理治疗过程的基本方面。本文重点对一名3岁女孩进行的为期3年、每周一次的心理动力心理治疗进行实证研究。采用过程-结果设计，对30次心理治疗的初始、中期和末期阶段的游戏和言语对话进行评估。对标准化游戏类别（游戏类别系统和学前版游戏情感量表）和言语表达（言语产出）进行重复测量分析。为了提高研究的临床有效性，报告了评估阶段的数据和治疗过程中的案例，以加深对治疗过程中患者情况的了解。还纳入了治疗前后家长的报告。通过实证测量的游戏和言语产出的变化是评估年轻患者心理治疗过程的基础。言语产出和话语能力逐渐提高，并取代了游戏，而游戏则变得更具象征性。结合游戏在促进言语对话发展以及儿童情感、需求和愿望表达方面的作用，讨论了发展问题以及心理治疗对患者变化的影响。
