a National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. , New York , New York , USA.
b Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention , Canandaigua , New York , USA.
Subst Abus. 2017 Jul-Sep;38(3):239-244. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2017.1282914. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Drug overdose has emerged as the leading cause of injury-related death in the United States, driven by prescription opioid (PO) misuse, polysubstance use, and use of heroin. To better understand opioid-related overdose risks that may change over time and across populations, there is a need for a more comprehensive assessment of related risk behaviors. Drawing on existing research, formative interviews, and discussions with community and scientific advisors an opioid-related Overdose Risk Behavior Scale (ORBS) was developed.
Military veterans reporting any use of heroin or POs in the past month were enrolled using venue-based and chain referral recruitment. The final scale consisted of 25 items grouped into 5 subscales eliciting the number of days in the past 30 during which the participant engaged in each behavior. Internal reliability, test-retest reliability and criterion validity were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlations (ICC) and Pearson's correlations with indicators of having overdosed during the past 30 days, respectivelyInternal reliability, test-retest reliability and criterion validity were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlations (ICC) and Pearson's correlations with indicators of having overdosed during the past 30 days, respectively.
Data for 220 veterans were analyzed. The 5 subscales-(A) Adherence to Opioid Dosage and Therapeutic Purposes; (B) Alternative Methods of Opioid Administration; (C) Solitary Opioid Use; (D) Use of Nonprescribed Overdose-associated Drugs; and (E) Concurrent Use of POs, Other Psychoactive Drugs and Alcohol-generally showed good internal reliability (alpha range = 0.61 to 0.88), test-retest reliability (ICC range = 0.81 to 0.90), and criterion validity (r range = 0.22 to 0.66). The subscales were internally consistent with each other (alpha = 0.84). The scale mean had an ICC value of 0.99, and correlations with validators ranged from 0.44 to 0.56.
These results constitute preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the new scale. If further validated, it could help improve overdose prevention and response research and could help improve the precision of overdose education and prevention efforts.
药物过量已成为美国导致伤害相关死亡的主要原因，这主要是由于处方类阿片（PO）滥用、多种物质使用以及海洛因的使用。为了更好地了解可能随时间和人群变化的阿片类药物相关过量风险，需要更全面地评估相关风险行为。本研究在现有研究、形成性访谈以及与社区和科学顾问的讨论基础上，开发了一种阿片类相关过量风险行为量表（ORBS）。
使用基于场所和链式转诊招募的方式，招募过去一个月内报告有海洛因或 PO 使用史的退伍军人。最终量表包含 25 个条目，分为 5 个亚量表，询问参与者在过去 30 天内每天进行每种行为的天数。使用 Cronbach's alpha、组内相关系数（ICC）和 Pearson 相关性评估内部一致性、重测信度和效标效度，分别用在过去 30 天内有过过量经历的指标、在过去 30 天内有过过量经历的指标和在过去 30 天内有过过量经历的指标进行评估。
对 220 名退伍军人的数据进行了分析。5 个亚量表——（A）阿片类药物剂量和治疗目的的遵守情况；（B）替代阿片类药物给药方法；（C）单独使用阿片类药物；（D）使用非处方过量相关药物；和（E）PO、其他精神活性药物和酒精的同时使用——通常表现出良好的内部一致性（alpha 值范围为 0.61 至 0.88）、重测信度（ICC 值范围为 0.81 至 0.90）和效标效度（r 值范围为 0.22 至 0.66）。亚量表之间具有内部一致性（alpha = 0.84）。量表总分的 ICC 值为 0.99，与效标之间的相关性为 0.44 至 0.56。
这些结果初步证明了新量表的可靠性和有效性。如果进一步验证，它可以帮助改善过量预防和应对研究，并有助于提高过量教育和预防工作的准确性。
