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预防品行障碍和冷酷无情特质:基于学校的试点培训计划的初步结果。

Preventing Conduct Disorder and Callous Unemotional Traits: Preliminary Results of a School Based Pilot Training Program.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, CY, Cyprus.

出版信息

J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2018 Feb;46(2):291-303. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0273-x.

Abstract

This study investigated whether a school-based pilot prevention program is effective in reducing Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms and callous unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., lack of empathy and guilt) in a community sample of children. A total of 304 children from three schools in Cyprus were randomly assigned at school level to either a prevention group that received a skill building training program (N = 94; M  = 7.91, SD = .74; 52.1% female) or a control group that received no training (N = 210; M  = 7.82, SD = .81; 50.5% female). To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, CD symptoms and CU traits were assessed before the implementation of the training program and at 3 and 9 months after training. Additionally, the child's impulsivity, parental involvement and friend support were assessed pre- and post-prevention. Significant post-training reductions in CU traits were identified for the prevention, but not the control, group at both 3-month and 9-month follow-ups and in CD symptoms at the 9 month follow-up. Furthermore, children in the prevention group scored lower on impulsivity and higher on paternal involvement and friend support compared to the control group after participating in the training program. This study provides preliminary evidence that child focused training delivered in the school setting can provide lasting benefits by preventing the development of CU traits, impulsivity, and CD. The program was also successful in improving the child's social relationships with peers and parents. These findings emphasize the importance of school based prevention efforts.

摘要

本研究旨在调查基于学校的试点预防计划是否能有效减少社区儿童样本中的品行障碍(CD)症状和冷酷无情(CU)特征(即缺乏同理心和内疚感)。塞浦路斯三所学校的 304 名儿童被随机分为预防组和对照组,预防组接受技能培养训练(N=94;M=7.91,SD=.74;52.1%为女性),对照组未接受培训(N=210;M=7.82,SD=.81;50.5%为女性)。为评估该计划的有效性,在培训计划实施之前以及培训后 3 个月和 9 个月评估 CD 症状和 CU 特征。此外,还在预防前和预防后评估了儿童的冲动性、父母参与度和朋友支持度。预防组在 3 个月和 9 个月的随访中以及 9 个月的随访中均表现出 CU 特征显著减少,而对照组则无此现象,CD 症状也有所减少。此外,与对照组相比,参与培训计划后,预防组的儿童冲动性得分较低,父亲参与度和朋友支持度较高。本研究初步证明,在学校环境中实施以儿童为中心的培训可以通过预防 CU 特征、冲动性和 CD 的发展提供持久的益处。该计划还成功改善了儿童与同伴和父母的社会关系。这些发现强调了学校预防工作的重要性。

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