Tykocki Nathan R, Bonev Adrian D, Longden Thomas A, Heppner Thomas J, Nelson Mark T
Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and
Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont; and.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2017 May 1;312(5):F836-F847. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00682.2016. Epub 2017 Feb 1.
Prolonged decreases in urinary bladder blood flow are linked to overactive and underactive bladder pathologies. However, the mechanisms regulating bladder vascular reactivity are largely unknown. To investigate these mechanisms, we examined myogenic and vasoactive properties of mouse bladder feed arterioles (BFAs). Unlike similar-sized arterioles from other vascular beds, BFAs failed to constrict in response to increases in intraluminal pressure (5-80 mmHg). Consistent with this lack of myogenic tone, arteriolar smooth muscle cell membrane potential was hyperpolarized (-72.8 ± 1.4 mV) at 20 mmHg and unaffected by increasing pressure to 80 mmHg (-74.3 ± 2.2 mV). In contrast, BFAs constricted to the thromboxane analog U-46619 (100 nM), the adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (10 µM), and KCl (60 mM). Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase or intermediate- and small-conductance Ca-activated K channels did not alter arteriolar diameter, indicating that the dilated state of BFAs is not attributable to overactive endothelium-dependent dilatory influences. Myocytes isolated from BFAs exhibited BaCl (100 µM)-sensitive K currents consistent with strong inward-rectifier K (K) channels. Notably, block of these K channels "restored" pressure-induced constriction and membrane depolarization. This suggests that these channels, in part, account for hyperpolarization and associated absence of tone in BFAs. Furthermore, smooth muscle-specific knockout of K2.1 caused significant myogenic tone to develop at physiological pressures. This suggests that ) the regulation of vascular tone in the bladder is independent of pressure, insofar as pressure-induced depolarizing conductances cannot overcome K2.1-mediated hyperpolarization; and ) maintenance of bladder blood flow during bladder filling is likely controlled by neurohumoral influences.
膀胱血流的长期减少与膀胱过度活动症和活动不足的病理状态有关。然而,调节膀胱血管反应性的机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。为了研究这些机制,我们检测了小鼠膀胱供血小动脉(BFA)的肌源性和血管活性特性。与来自其他血管床的类似大小的小动脉不同,BFA对管腔内压力升高(5 - 80 mmHg)没有收缩反应。与这种缺乏肌源性张力一致,在20 mmHg时小动脉平滑肌细胞膜电位超极化(-72.8 ± 1.4 mV),并且在压力增加到80 mmHg时不受影响(-74.3 ± 2.2 mV)。相比之下,BFA对血栓素类似物U - 46619(100 nM)、肾上腺素能激动剂去氧肾上腺素(10 µM)和氯化钾(60 mM)有收缩反应。抑制一氧化氮合酶或中、小电导钙激活钾通道并没有改变小动脉直径,表明BFA的扩张状态并非归因于过度活跃的内皮依赖性舒张影响。从小鼠膀胱供血小动脉分离的心肌细胞表现出对氯化钡(100 µM)敏感的钾电流,与强内向整流钾(K)通道一致。值得注意的是,阻断这些钾通道“恢复”了压力诱导的收缩和膜去极化。这表明这些通道部分地解释了BFA中的超极化和相关的张力缺失。此外,平滑肌特异性敲除K2.1导致在生理压力下出现显著的肌源性张力。这表明:1)膀胱血管张力的调节与压力无关,因为压力诱导的去极化电导不能克服K2.1介导的超极化;2)膀胱充盈期间膀胱血流的维持可能受神经体液影响的控制。