一项关于产后疾病及其与繁殖性能和淘汰率关系的奶牛群水平研究。
A dairy herd-level study of postpartum diseases and their association with reproductive performance and culling.
作者信息
Dubuc J, Denis-Robichaud J
机构信息
Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada.
Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada.
出版信息
J Dairy Sci. 2017 Apr;100(4):3068-3078. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-12144. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
The objectives of this study were to quantify the herd-level prevalence of postpartum diseases in a large number of dairy farms, and to identify prevalence alarm levels of these diseases based on association with a low prevalence of success at first service, with a high prevalence of pregnancy loss following pregnancy diagnosis at first service, and with a high prevalence of postpartum culling. A total of 126 commercial dairy herds were enrolled in this cohort study, and the herd was the unit of interest. Twenty cows from every herd were enrolled during the study period (a total of 2,520 lactating cows in the study). Cows were diagnosed with hyperketonemia, retained placenta, displaced abomasum, purulent vaginal discharge, cytological endometritis, leukocyte esterase endometritis, and prolonged anovulation. The prevalence of each of these diseases was computed for every herd. The study outcomes were the prevalence of success at first service, the prevalence of pregnancy loss following pregnancy diagnosis at first service, and the prevalence of postpartum culling (≤60 d in milk). Descriptive statistics of disease and outcome prevalence were computed. Logistic regression models were used to identify prevalence alarm levels associated with poor outcome prevalence. Median herd prevalence for hyperketonemia, retained placenta, displaced abomasum, purulent vaginal discharge, cytological endometritis, leukocyte esterase endometritis, and prolonged anovulation were 18.8, 4.9, 4.0, 5.0, 29.4, 43.8, and 35.2%, respectively. Herds were defined as having low prevalence of success at first service if <40.0%, as having a high prevalence of pregnancy loss if ≥6.3%, and as having a high prevalence of postpartum culling if ≥13.3%. Risk factors for herds having a low prevalence of success at first service were ≥11.8% hyperketonemia, ≥5.0% purulent vaginal discharge, ≥18.8% cytological endometritis, ≥35.3% leukocyte esterase endometritis, ≥21.0% prolonged anovulation, and ≥4.0% of displaced abomasum. Risk factors for herds having a high prevalence of pregnancy loss were ≥5.0% purulent vaginal discharge and ≥4.9% retained placenta. Risk factors for herds having a high prevalence of postpartum culling were ≥23.1% hyperketonemia, ≥4.9% retained placenta, and ≥4.0% displaced abomasum. Overall, postpartum diseases were prevalent in these dairy herds and alarm levels were identified as risk factors for poor reproductive performance and increased culling.
本研究的目的是量化大量奶牛场产后疾病的畜群水平患病率，并根据首次输精成功率低、首次输精妊娠诊断后妊娠损失率高以及产后淘汰率高的相关性，确定这些疾病的患病率警戒水平。共有126个商业奶牛场纳入了这项队列研究，畜群是研究对象。在研究期间，每个畜群选取20头奶牛（研究中共有2520头泌乳奶牛）。对奶牛进行高酮血症、胎盘滞留、皱胃移位、脓性阴道分泌物、细胞学子宫内膜炎、白细胞酯酶子宫内膜炎和排卵延长的诊断。计算每个畜群中这些疾病的患病率。研究结果包括首次输精成功率、首次输精妊娠诊断后妊娠损失率以及产后淘汰率（产奶≤60天）。计算疾病和结果患病率的描述性统计数据。使用逻辑回归模型确定与不良结果患病率相关的患病率警戒水平。高酮血症、胎盘滞留、皱胃移位、脓性阴道分泌物、细胞学子宫内膜炎、白细胞酯酶子宫内膜炎和排卵延长的畜群患病率中位数分别为18.8%、4.9%、4.0%、5.0%、29.4%、43.8%和35.2%。如果首次输精成功率<40.0%，则畜群被定义为首次输精成功率低；如果妊娠损失率≥6.3%，则畜群被定义为妊娠损失率高；如果产后淘汰率≥13.3%，则畜群被定义为产后淘汰率高。首次输精成功率低的畜群危险因素包括高酮血症≥11.8%、脓性阴道分泌物≥5.0%、细胞学子宫内膜炎≥18.8%、白细胞酯酶子宫内膜炎≥35.3%、排卵延长≥21.0%以及皱胃移位≥4.0%。妊娠损失率高的畜群危险因素包括脓性阴道分泌物≥5.0%和胎盘滞留≥4.9%。产后淘汰率高的畜群危险因素包括高酮血症≥23.1%、胎盘滞留≥4.9%和皱胃移位≥4.0%。总体而言，产后疾病在这些奶牛场中普遍存在，警戒水平被确定为繁殖性能差和淘汰率增加的危险因素。
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