Högl Birgit, Stefani Ambra
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Somnologie (Berl). 2017;21(Suppl 1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s11818-016-0048-6. Epub 2016 Apr 28.
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is parasomnia characterized by dream enactment and enabled by disruption of physiological muscle atonia during REM sleep. Over the past few years, diagnostic criteria and the methods used to confirm diagnosis have been updated.
In this review article, the current knowledge regarding RBD diagnosis and treatment is presented.
A selective literature search was carried out.
Although several RBD screening questionnaires have been developed, diagnosis can only be definitely confirmed on the basis of polysomnography. New methods for scoring electromyography (EMG) activity during REM sleep have been proposed during recent years and cutoff values have been established. The latest cutoff values for scoring EMG activity during REM sleep are included in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD). The cutoff of 27 % muscle activity during REM sleep suggested by the Sleep Innsbruck Barcelona (SINBAR) group was also included in the third edition of the ICSD. The best-researched treatments for RBD are clonazepam and melatonin.
快速眼动睡眠行为障碍（RBD）是一种异态睡眠，其特征为梦境行为化，由快速眼动睡眠期间生理性肌肉张力缺失的中断所引发。在过去几年中，诊断标准以及用于确诊的方法已得到更新。
在这篇综述文章中，介绍了关于RBD诊断和治疗的当前知识。
进行了选择性文献检索。
尽管已经开发了几种RBD筛查问卷，但只有基于多导睡眠图才能明确确诊。近年来提出了在快速眼动睡眠期间对肌电图（EMG）活动进行评分的新方法，并确定了临界值。快速眼动睡眠期间EMG活动评分的最新临界值包含在《国际睡眠障碍分类》（ICSD）中。因斯布鲁克-巴塞罗那睡眠（SINBAR）小组提出的快速眼动睡眠期间肌肉活动27%的临界值也被纳入了ICSD第三版。对RBD研究最多的治疗方法是氯硝西泮和褪黑素。
