Will Clifford M
McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Physics, Washington University, 63130 St. Louis, MO USA.
Living Rev Relativ. 2001;4(1):4. doi: 10.12942/lrr-2001-4. Epub 2001 May 11.
The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analysing them are reviewed. Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of special relativity, and the gravitational redshift experiment. Future tests of EEP and of the inverse square law will search for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light defl ection the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, and the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion. Gravitational wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and new binary pulsar systems may yield further improvements. When direct observation of gravitational radiation from astrophysical sources begins, new tests of general relativity will be possible.
本文回顾了广义相对论的实验测试现状以及用于分析这些测试的理论框架。爱因斯坦等效原理（EEP）得到了诸如厄缶实验、狭义相对论测试和引力红移实验等实验的有力支持。未来对EEP和平方反比定律的测试将寻找由统一理论或量子引力产生的新相互作用。在牛顿后水平上对广义相对论的测试已经达到了高精度，包括光线偏折、夏皮罗时间延迟、水星近日点进动以及月球运动中的诺德维特效应。利用脉冲双星系统已经探测到了与广义相对论相符程度达0.5%的引力波阻尼，新的脉冲双星系统可能会带来进一步的改进。当开始直接观测来自天体物理源的引力辐射时，对广义相对论的新测试将成为可能。
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