Vlachopoulos Dimitris, Ubago-Guisado Esther, Barker Alan R, Metcalf Brad S, Fatouros Ioannis G, Avloniti Alexandra, Knapp Karen M, Moreno Luis A, Williams Craig A, Gracia-Marco Luis
1Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM; 2IGOID Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN; 3Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, GREECE; 4Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, GREECE; 5Department of Medical Imaging, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM; 6University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM; and 7Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SPAIN.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Jul;49(7):1389-1396. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001233.
The determinants of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and hip geometry estimates in adolescent athletes are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the determinants of aBMD and hip geometry estimates in adolescent male athletes.
One hundred twenty-one men (13.1 ± 0.1 yr) were measured: 41 swimmers, 37 footballers, 29 cyclists, and 14 controls. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measured aBMD at lumbar spine, femoral neck and total body. Hip structural analysis evaluated hip geometry estimates at the femoral neck. Multiple linear regression examined the contribution of the sports practised, stature, lean and fat mass, serum calcium and vitamin D, moderate to vigorous physical activity, vertical jump and cardiorespiratory fitness with aBMD and hip geometry estimates.
Region-specific lean mass was the strongest positive predictor of aBMD (β = 0.614-0.931) and football participation was the next strongest predictor (β = 0.304-0.579). Stature (β = 0.235-0.380), fat mass (β = 0.189), serum calcium (β = 0.103), serum vitamin D (β = 0.104-0.139), and vertical jump (β = 0.146-0.203) were associated with aBMD across various specific sites. All hip geometry estimates were associated with lean mass (β = 0.370 - 0.568) and stature (β = 0.338-0.430). Football participation was associated with hip cross-sectional area (β = 0.322) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (β = 0.140-0.142). Cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.183-0.207) was associated with section modulus and cross-sectional moment of inertia.
Region-specific lean mass is the strongest determinant of aBMD and hip geometry estimates in adolescent male athletes. Football participation and stature were important determinants for aBMD and hip geometry estimates, whereas the contribution of the other predictors was site specific.
青少年运动员局部骨矿物质密度（aBMD）和髋部几何结构评估的决定因素尚不清楚。本研究旨在确定青少年男性运动员aBMD和髋部几何结构评估的决定因素。
对121名男性（13.1±0.1岁）进行了测量：41名游泳运动员、37名足球运动员、29名自行车运动员和14名对照组。采用双能X线吸收法测量腰椎、股骨颈和全身的aBMD。髋部结构分析评估股骨颈处的髋部几何结构。多元线性回归分析了所从事的运动、身高、瘦体重和脂肪量、血清钙和维生素D、中度至剧烈身体活动、垂直跳跃以及心肺适能对aBMD和髋部几何结构评估的影响。
特定区域的瘦体重是aBMD最强的正向预测因子（β=0.614 - 0.931），其次是参与足球运动（β=0.304 - 0.579）。身高（β=0.235 - 0.380）、脂肪量（β=0.189）、血清钙（β=0.103）、血清维生素D（β=0.104 - 0.139）和垂直跳跃（β=0.146 - 0.203）在不同特定部位与aBMD相关。所有髋部几何结构评估均与瘦体重（β=0.370 - 0.568）和身高（β=0.338 - 0.430）相关。参与足球运动与髋部横截面积（β=0.322）以及中度至剧烈身体活动（β=0.140 - 0.142）相关。心肺适能（β=0.183 - 0.207）与截面模量和截面惯性矩相关。
特定区域的瘦体重是青少年男性运动员aBMD和髋部几何结构评估的最强决定因素。参与足球运动和身高是aBMD和髋部几何结构评估的重要决定因素，而其他预测因子的影响则因部位而异。
