Jiang Rulan, Suzuki Yasushi A, Du Xiaogu, Lönnerdal Bo
a Department of Nutrition, University of California, 3135 Meyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA.
b Biochemical Laboratory, Saraya Co. Ltd., 24-12 Tamate-cho, Kashiwara, Osaka 582-0028, Japan.
Biochem Cell Biol. 2017 Feb;95(1):110-118. doi: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0090. Epub 2016 Nov 30.
Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding multifunctional protein, mainly present in external secretions. Lf is known to penetrate skin and may thus exert its multiple functions in skin. Sophorolipids (SLs) are glycolipid biosurfactants, which have been shown to enhance absorption of commercial bovine Lf (CbLf) in model skin via forming an assembly with CbLf. In this study, uptake and post-internalization localization of bovine Lf (bLf), CbLf, and human Lf (hLf) with or without forming assemblies with SLs in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFn) were determined using I-labeled Lfs and confocal microscopy, respectively. Our results show that all 3 Lfs were internalized by HDFn; although SLs did not significantly affect the uptake of Lfs, it changed Lf localization by accumulating Lfs in the perinuclear region. Furthermore, microarrays were used to investigate transcriptional profiling in HDFn in response to CbLf, SLs, or CbLf-SLs-assembly treatments. Transcriptome profiling indicates that CbLf may play roles in the protection of skin from oxidative stress, immunomodulatory activities, and enhancement of wound healing. The assembly had similar effects but dramatically modulated the transcription of some genes. SLs alone modified signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism, as well as synthesis of sex hormones and vitamins. Thus, CbLf may exert beneficial effects on skin, and these effects may be modulated by SLs.
乳铁蛋白（Lf）是一种铁结合多功能蛋白，主要存在于外分泌液中。已知Lf可穿透皮肤，因此可能在皮肤中发挥其多种功能。槐糖脂（SLs）是糖脂类生物表面活性剂，已证明其可通过与商业牛乳铁蛋白（CbLf）形成聚集体来增强其在模型皮肤中的吸收。在本研究中，分别使用放射性碘标记的Lf和共聚焦显微镜测定了牛乳铁蛋白（bLf）、CbLf和人乳铁蛋白（hLf）在人皮肤成纤维细胞（HDFn）中与SLs形成或不形成聚集体时的摄取及内化后定位。我们的结果表明，所有3种Lf均被HDFn内化；尽管SLs对Lf的摄取没有显著影响，但它通过将Lf聚集在核周区域改变了Lf的定位。此外，利用基因芯片研究了HDFn对CbLf、SLs或CbLf-SLs聚集体处理的转录谱。转录组分析表明，CbLf可能在保护皮肤免受氧化应激、免疫调节活性和促进伤口愈合中发挥作用。该聚集体有类似作用，但显著调节了一些基因的转录。单独的SLs改变了与脂质代谢以及性激素和维生素合成相关的信号通路。因此，CbLf可能对皮肤产生有益作用，且这些作用可能受到SLs的调节。
