Chen Zhao, Jiang Xiuping
Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
J Food Prot. 2017 Mar;80(3):392-405. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-181.
Animal wastes have high nutritional value as biological soil amendments of animal origin for plant cultivation in sustainable agriculture; however, they can be sources of some human pathogens. Although composting is an effective way to reduce pathogen levels in animal wastes, pathogens may still survive under certain conditions and persist in the composted products, which potentially could lead to fresh produce contamination. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Safety Modernization Act, alternative treatments are recommended for reducing or eliminating human pathogens in raw animal manure. Physical heat treatments can be considered an effective method to inactivate pathogens in animal wastes. However, microbial inactivation in animal wastes can be affected by many factors, such as composition of animal wastes, type and physiological stage of the tested microorganism, and heat source. Following some current processing guidelines for physical heat treatments may not be adequate for completely eliminating pathogens from animal wastes. Therefore, this article primarily reviews the microbiological safety and economic value of physically heat-treated animal wastes as biological soil amendments.
动物粪便作为可持续农业中用于植物种植的动物源生物土壤改良剂具有很高的营养价值；然而，它们可能是一些人类病原体的来源。尽管堆肥是降低动物粪便中病原体水平的有效方法，但病原体在某些条件下仍可能存活并在堆肥产品中持续存在，这有可能导致新鲜农产品受到污染。根据美国食品药品监督管理局的《食品安全现代化法案》，建议采用替代处理方法来减少或消除生动物粪便中的人类病原体。物理热处理可被视为一种使动物粪便中的病原体失活的有效方法。然而，动物粪便中的微生物失活会受到许多因素的影响，如动物粪便的成分、受试微生物的类型和生理阶段以及热源。遵循当前一些物理热处理的加工指南可能不足以完全消除动物粪便中的病原体。因此，本文主要综述了经物理热处理的动物粪便作为生物土壤改良剂的微生物安全性和经济价值。
