Esposito Gianluca, Hiroi Noboru, Scattoni Maria Luisa
Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017 Feb 15;20(6):498-503. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx014.
: Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is critical, because early intensive treatment greatly improves its prognosis.
: We review studies that examined vocalizations of infants with autism spectrum disorder and mouse models of autism spectrum disorder as a potential means to identify autism spectrum disorder before the symptomatic elements of autism spectrum disorder emerge. We further discuss clinical implications and future research priorities in the field.
: Atypical early vocal calls (i.e., cry) may represent an early biomarker for autism spectrum disorder (or at least for a subgroup of children with autism spectrum disorder), and thus can assist with early detection. Moreover, cry is likely more than an early biomarker of autism spectrum disorder; it is also an early causative factor in the development of the disorder. Specifically, atypical crying, as recently suggested, might induce a “self-generated environmental factor” that in turn, influences the prognosis of the disorder. Because atypical crying in autism spectrum disorder is difficult to understand, it may have a negative impact on the quality of care by the caregiver (see graphical abstract).
: Evidence supports the hypothesis that atypical vocalization is an early, functionally integral component of autism spectrum disorder.
自闭症谱系障碍的早期诊断至关重要，因为早期强化治疗能极大地改善其预后。
我们回顾了一些研究，这些研究将自闭症谱系障碍患儿的发声及自闭症谱系障碍小鼠模型作为在自闭症谱系障碍症状出现之前识别该疾病的一种潜在手段。我们还进一步讨论了该领域的临床意义及未来研究重点。
非典型早期发声（即哭声）可能是自闭症谱系障碍（或至少是一部分自闭症谱系障碍儿童）的早期生物标志物，因此有助于早期检测。此外，哭声可能不仅仅是自闭症谱系障碍的早期生物标志物；它还是该疾病发展过程中的一个早期致病因素。具体而言，正如最近所表明的，非典型哭声可能会诱发一种“自我产生的环境因素”，进而影响该疾病的预后。由于自闭症谱系障碍中的非典型哭声难以理解，它可能会对照顾者的护理质量产生负面影响（见图摘要）。
有证据支持非典型发声是自闭症谱系障碍早期功能性不可或缺组成部分这一假说。
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