Performance and Diagnostic Accuracy of a Urine-Based Human Papillomavirus Assay in a Referral Population.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing from clinician-collected cervical and self-collected cervico-vaginal samples is more sensitive for detecting CIN2/CIN3 than cytology-based screening, stimulating interest in HPV testing from urine. The objective was to determine the performance of the Trovagene HPV test for the detection of CIN2 from urine and PreservCyt cervical samples. Women referred for colposcopy at St Mary's Hospital (London, United Kingdom), following abnormal cytology, were recruited to this diagnostic accuracy study by convenience sampling (September 2011 to April 2013). A total of 501 paired urine and cervical samples were collected. Primary outcomes were sensitivity for CIN2/CIN3 and specificity for <CIN2; secondary outcomes were comparisons with other HPV tests and agreement/kappa values between urine and cervical samples. Trovagene HPV test sensitivity and specificity from PreservCyt were similar to well-established tests [sensitivity for CIN3 ( = 145) 96.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 89.6-99.2); CIN2 ( = 81) 94.5% (95% CI, 89.4-97.6); specificity for <CIN2 25.3% (95% CI, 20.8-30.1)]. Sensitivity from urine was slightly, but not significantly, lower [CIN3 91.4% (95% CI, 83.0-96.5), = 0.3; CIN2 88.3% (95% CI, 81.9-93.0), = 0.06]. Specificity for <CIN2 was similar: 24.7% (95% CI, 20.3-29.5), = 0.9. A total of 403 Trovagene cervical and 396 urine HPV tests were positive. Overall agreement between paired samples was 82.6% (95% CI, 79.3-86.0). Trovagene HPV test's performance on PreservCyt cervical samples was comparable with established HPV tests. Sensitivity in urine, although slightly lower, may nevertheless be adequate for self-sampling. This referral population's higher HPV positivity rate affects specificity, warranting further studies in a screening population. This may prove useful for women not attending for cervical screening. .