抗CRISPR蛋白：噬菌体对细菌防御（CRISPR/Cas）系统的反击
Anti-CRISPR proteins: Counterattack of phages on bacterial defense (CRISPR/Cas) system.
作者信息
Chaudhary Kulbhushan, Chattopadhyay Anirudha, Pratap Dharmendra
机构信息
Division of Plant Pathology, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, S.K. Nagar, Gujrat, India.
出版信息
J Cell Physiol. 2018 Jan;233(1):57-59. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25877. Epub 2017 May 8.
Since the dawn of life there is a never ending strife between bacteria and phages. Both are perpetually changing their strategies to take over each other. CRISPR/Cas is the most widespread defense system used by bacteria against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as phages, cojugative palsmids, transoposons, and pathogenicity islands. This system utilizes small guide RNA molecules to protect against phages infection and invasion by MGEs. Phages circumvent to these antiviral barriers by point mutation in PAM (protospacer-adjacent motif) sequence, genome rearrangements and by using anti-CRISPR proteins.
自生命诞生以来，细菌和噬菌体之间就存在着永无休止的斗争。两者都在不断改变策略以战胜对方。CRISPR/Cas是细菌对抗诸如噬菌体、接合质粒、转座子和致病岛等移动遗传元件（MGEs）最广泛使用的防御系统。该系统利用小向导RNA分子来抵御噬菌体感染和MGEs的入侵。噬菌体通过PAM（原间隔序列邻近基序）序列中的点突变、基因组重排以及使用抗CRISPR蛋白来规避这些抗病毒屏障。
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