Auerbach Michael, Alberts Jeffrey D
Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 58202, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
Oecologia. 1992 Jan;89(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00319008.
Larvae of the aspen blotch miner, Phyllonorycter salicifoliella Chambers (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), feed within leaves of three host-tree species in north-central Minnesota, USA. Far more individuals occur on Populus tremuloides than on P. balsamifera or P. grandidentata. We tested whether this pattern of host use reflected variable performance among alternative hosts by examining survivorship, sources of mortality, pupal mass, feeding efficiency, and development time of miners on each tree species. We also determined foliar water, nitrogen, condensed tannin, and phenolic glycoside content of host trees to test if host-tree chemical attributes were responsible for differences in performance. There was no significant difference in egg-to-adult survival among miners on different hosts, although dominant sources of mortality did vary. Miners on P. grandidentata suffered less parasitism and more predation than those on the other hosts, even though most parasitoid species attacked miners on all hosts. The other performance parameters varied among host species, but not in a consistent pattern. Pupal mass was greatest on P. tremuloides and P. balsamifera, the hosts with comparatively high foliar nitrogen and low phenolic glycoside concentrations. However, feeding efficiency was greatest and development time shortest for miners on P. grandidentata. Thus, pupal mass was the only index of performance maximized on P. tremuloides, the most commonly used host. Infrequent occurrence of Phyllonorycter salicifoliella on P. grandidentata results in part from phenological differences between this and the other host species. Low oviposition rates on P. balsamifera are correlated with low abundance of this host at the study site and a phenolic glycoside profile different from that of the other host species.
美国明尼苏达州中北部的白杨斑点潜叶蛾（Phyllonorycter salicifoliella Chambers，鳞翅目：细蛾科）幼虫取食三种寄主树种的叶片。在颤杨（Populus tremuloides）上出现的个体数量远比在香脂杨（P. balsamifera）或大齿杨（P. grandidentata）上多。我们通过检查在每种树种上潜叶蛾的存活率、死亡来源、蛹重、取食效率和发育时间，来测试这种寄主利用模式是否反映了不同寄主间的可变表现。我们还测定了寄主树的叶水、氮、缩合单宁和酚糖苷含量，以测试寄主树的化学属性是否是导致表现差异的原因。不同寄主上的潜叶蛾从卵到成虫的存活率没有显著差异，尽管主要死亡来源有所不同。大齿杨上的潜叶蛾比其他寄主上的潜叶蛾遭受的寄生更少，捕食更多，尽管大多数寄生蜂种类会攻击所有寄主上的潜叶蛾。其他表现参数在寄主种类间有所不同，但没有一致的模式。蛹重在颤杨和香脂杨上最大，这两种寄主的叶氮含量相对较高，酚糖苷浓度较低。然而，大齿杨上的潜叶蛾取食效率最高，发育时间最短。因此，蛹重是在最常用的寄主颤杨上最大化的唯一表现指标。白杨斑点潜叶蛾在大齿杨上出现频率低部分是由于该树种与其他寄主树种之间的物候差异。香脂杨上的低产卵率与该寄主在研究地点的低丰度以及与其他寄主树种不同的酚糖苷谱有关。
