Magalhães M F
Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciências C2, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1700, Lisboa, Portugal.
Oecologia. 1993 Nov;96(2):253-260. doi: 10.1007/BF00317739.
Food resource use by seven cyprinids from an Iberian stream was analysed over 9 months. Differences in food resource use were found both between species and within species between seasons. Plant material was a more important food for carp, nase, goldfish and barbel than for gudgeon, roach and chub, irrespective of the season. Chironomid larvae were the staple animal food for the former five species throughout the year. Roach and chub, especially the latter, displayed large seasonal variations in prey use, with chironomid larvae only being important during autumn. Ephemerellid nymphs and ephemeropteran imagos dominated the animal diet of chub during spring and summer, respectively. Dipteran adults and Formicidae were the most important prey for roach during spring and summer, with other common prey being ephemerellid nymphs and hydropsychid larvae. Food resource overlap among the three dominant species (roach, barbel and chub) displayed a large seasonal variation. High overlaps were observed during autumn when these species used the same resources. During summer overlaps were much lower with each species specialising on different prey. The remaining less abundant species had large diet overlaps amongst themselves and with barbel, over all seasons. It is suggested that morphological constraints, habitat partitioning and temporal changes in food resource limitation may be involved in producing these patterns of food resource use.
对来自伊比利亚一条溪流的七种鲤科鱼类的食物资源利用情况进行了为期9个月的分析。结果发现，物种之间以及同一物种在不同季节的食物资源利用存在差异。无论季节如何，植物性物质对鲤鱼、纳氏鱼、金鱼和鲃来说都是比 gudgeon、拟鲤和圆腹雅罗鱼更重要的食物。摇蚊幼虫是前五种鱼类全年的主要动物性食物。拟鲤和圆腹雅罗鱼，尤其是后者，在猎物利用上表现出很大的季节性变化，摇蚊幼虫仅在秋季才重要。Ephemerellid若虫和蜉蝣成虫分别在春季和夏季主导圆腹雅罗鱼的动物饮食。双翅目成虫和蚁科是拟鲤在春季和夏季最重要的猎物，其他常见猎物是 Ephemerellid若虫和水栖毛翅目幼虫。三种优势物种（拟鲤、鲃和圆腹雅罗鱼）之间的食物资源重叠呈现出很大的季节性变化。秋季观察到高重叠，此时这些物种利用相同的资源。夏季重叠则低得多，每个物种专门捕食不同的猎物。其余数量较少的物种在所有季节彼此之间以及与鲃的食物重叠都很大。有人认为，形态限制、栖息地划分和食物资源限制的时间变化可能与这些食物资源利用模式的形成有关。
