Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
Bioresour Technol. 2017 Sep;240:9-24. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.005. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
Membrane fouling is considered the major limitation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This paper provides an overview on fouling mitigation in MBRs using granular materials. Adsorbents addition extends filtration period, improves critical flux as well as sludge properties (increased flocs size, reduced soluble EPS, improved dewaterability). However, determination of optimal dosages of adsorbents is needed to balance cost savings from fouling mitigation versus cost of adsorbents and sludge handling. The abrasion from granular media reduces cake layer formation, extends membrane filtration period, increases flux (∼20-30%), and reduces aeration intensity by 50%. Finding appropriate aeration intensity and optimum dose for different media is critical for full-scale application. Granular sludge substantially reduces fouling in MBRs; but, optimal operational conditions for long-term granule stability are required. Quorum quenching (QQ) mitigates biofouling (energy savings ∼27-40%). Cost savings from QQ need assessment against the production and application of QQ approaches.
膜污染被认为是膜生物反应器（MBR）的主要限制因素。本文综述了在 MBR 中使用颗粒材料减轻膜污染的方法。添加吸附剂可以延长过滤周期，提高临界通量以及污泥特性（增加絮体尺寸、减少可溶 EPS、改善脱水性能）。然而，需要确定吸附剂的最佳剂量，以平衡减轻污染带来的节省成本与吸附剂和污泥处理成本之间的关系。颗粒介质的磨损减少了滤饼层的形成，延长了膜过滤周期，增加了通量（约 20-30%），并减少了曝气强度 50%。对于大规模应用来说，找到适合不同介质的适当曝气强度和最佳剂量是至关重要的。颗粒污泥可以显著减少 MBR 中的污染，但需要优化长期颗粒稳定性的操作条件。群体感应淬灭（QQ）可以减轻生物污染（节能约 27-40%）。需要对 QQ 的成本节约进行评估，以对抗 QQ 方法的生产和应用。
