Reverter M, Cribb T H, Cutmore S C, Bray R A, Parravicini V, Sasal P
Centre des Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement (CRIOBE), USR3278-EPHE/CNRS/UPVD/PSL, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", 98729 Moorea, French Polynesia.
The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Int J Parasitol. 2017 Jul;47(8):447-455. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.01.006. Epub 2017 Mar 18.
Geographical distribution of parasite species can provide insights into the evolution and diversity of parasitic communities. Biogeography of marine parasites is poorly known, especially because it requires an understanding of host-parasite interactions, information that is rare, especially over large spatial scales. Here, we have studied the biogeographical patterns of dactylogyrid parasites of chaetodontids, one of the most well-studied fish families, in the tropical Indo-west Pacific region. Dactylogyrid parasites were collected from gills of 34 butterflyfish species (n=560) at nine localities within an approximate area of 62millionkm. Thirteen dactylogyrid species were identified, with richness ranging from 6 to 12 species at individual localities. Most dactylogyrid communities were dominated by Haliotrema angelopterum or Haliotrema aurigae, for which relative abundance was negatively correlated (ρ=-0.59). Parasite richness and diversity were highest in French Polynesia and the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and lowest in Palau. Three biogeographic regions were identified based on dactylogyrid dissimilarities: French Polynesia, characterised by the dominance of H. angelopterum, the western Pacific region dominated by H. aurigae, and Ningaloo Reef (Australia), dominated by Euryhaliotrema berenguelae. Structure of host assemblages was the main factor explaining the dissimilarity (turnover and nestedness components of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and overall Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) of parasite communities between localities, while environment was only significant in the turnover of parasite communities and overall dissimilarity. Spatial structure of localities explained only 10% of the turnover of parasite communities. The interaction of the three factors (host assemblages, environment and spatial structure), however, explained the highest amounts of variance of the dactylogyrid communities, indicating a strong colinearity between the factors. Our findings show that spatial arrangement of chaetodontid dactylogyrids in the tropical Indo-west Pacific is primarily characterised by the turnover of the main Haliotrema spp., which is mainly explained by the structure of host assemblages.
寄生虫物种的地理分布能够为寄生群落的演化和多样性提供见解。海洋寄生虫的生物地理学鲜为人知，尤其是因为这需要了解宿主与寄生虫的相互作用，而这类信息十分罕见，特别是在大空间尺度上。在这里，我们研究了热带印度 - 西太平洋地区蝴蝶鱼（研究最为充分的鱼类家族之一）的指环虫寄生虫的生物地理模式。从大约6200万平方公里区域内九个地点的34种蝴蝶鱼（n = 560）的鳃中收集指环虫寄生虫。鉴定出13种指环虫物种，各个地点的物种丰富度在6至12种之间。大多数指环虫群落以天使哈氏指环虫或金色哈氏指环虫为主，其相对丰度呈负相关（ρ = -0.59）。寄生虫丰富度和多样性在法属波利尼西亚和大堡礁（澳大利亚）最高，在帕劳最低。根据指环虫的差异确定了三个生物地理区域：以天使哈氏指环虫为主的法属波利尼西亚，以金色哈氏指环虫为主的西太平洋地区，以及以贝伦格氏广哈氏指环虫为主的宁格鲁礁（澳大利亚）。宿主组合结构是解释各地点间寄生虫群落差异（Bray-Curtis差异的周转率和嵌套度成分以及总体Bray-Curtis差异）的主要因素，而环境仅在寄生虫群落的周转率和总体差异方面具有显著影响。地点的空间结构仅解释了寄生虫群落周转率的10%。然而，这三个因素（宿主组合、环境和空间结构）的相互作用解释了指环虫群落最大的方差量，表明这些因素之间存在很强的共线性。我们的研究结果表明，热带印度 - 西太平洋地区蝴蝶鱼指环虫的空间分布主要特征是主要哈氏指环虫属物种的周转率，这主要由宿主组合结构来解释。
