Lozano-Cobo Horacio, Prado-Rosas María Del Carmen Gómez Del, Sánchez-Velasco Laura, Gómez-Gutiérrez Jaime
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Av. IPN s/n, La Paz, BCS 23096, Mexico.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2017 Mar 30;124(1):55-75. doi: 10.3354/dao03106.
Chaetognaths are abundant carnivores with broad distributions that are intermediate hosts of trophically transmitted parasites. Monthly variations in chaetognath and parasite species distributions, abundance, prevalence, and intensity related to seasonal environmental changes were recorded in 2004 and 2005 in Laguna Nichupté, a coral reef, and the adjoining continental shelf of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Of 12 chaetognath species plus Sagitta spp., only 5 (Ferosagitta hispida, Flaccisagitta enflata, Sagitta spp., Serratosagitta serratodentata, and Pterosagitta draco) were parasitized. These species were parasitized with 33 types of flatworms and unidentified cysts (likely protozoan ciliates), having an overall mean prevalence of 6%. Digenean metacercaria larvae numerically dominated the parasite assemblages. Cluster analysis defined 2 chaetognath species assemblages. One included 7 species inside Laguna Nichupté, where F. hispida was numerically dominant (98.9%); the other contained 13 chaetognath species in the continental shelf-coral reef region, where F. enflata was abundant (53%). Canonical correspondence analysis showed that Laguna Nichupté had highly variable and hostile conditions (relatively low salinity and high temperature) for chaetognath species except for F. hispida. The higher density of F. hispida promoted greater parasite diversity (23 types), dominated by Brachyphallus sp. metacercariae. F. enflata prevailed in the continental shelf-coral reef area, which had stable high salinity and relatively low temperature. Monilicaecum and unidentified digenean 'type g' infected 5 chaetognath species on the continental shelf. Distinct primary hosts (mollusks and copepods) and contrasting environmental conditions (salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and temperature) between Laguna Nichupté and the continental shelf promoted distinct chaetognath species assemblages, resulting in distinct parasite diversity and prevalence patterns.
毛颚动物是分布广泛的丰富食肉动物，是营养传播寄生虫的中间宿主。2004年和2005年，在墨西哥金塔纳罗奥州的珊瑚礁拉古纳·尼古普特及其毗邻的大陆架上，记录了毛颚动物和寄生虫物种分布、丰度、患病率和强度与季节性环境变化相关的月度变化。在12种毛颚动物物种加箭虫属中，只有5种（糙刺箭虫、肥胖箭虫、箭虫属、锯齿箭虫和飞龙翼箭虫）被寄生。这些物种被33种扁虫和未鉴定的囊肿（可能是原生动物纤毛虫）寄生，总体平均患病率为6%。复殖吸虫尾蚴幼虫在寄生虫群落中数量占主导。聚类分析确定了2种毛颚动物物种组合。一种包括拉古纳·尼古普特内的7个物种，其中糙刺箭虫数量占优势（98.9%）；另一种包含大陆架 - 珊瑚礁区域的13种毛颚动物物种，其中肥胖箭虫数量丰富（53%）。典范对应分析表明，除糙刺箭虫外，拉古纳·尼古普特对毛颚动物物种来说条件高度可变且恶劣（盐度相对较低且温度较高）。糙刺箭虫的较高密度促进了更大的寄生虫多样性（23种），以短盘属吸虫尾蚴为主。肥胖箭虫在大陆架 - 珊瑚礁区域占优势，该区域盐度稳定且较高，温度相对较低。莫尼绦虫和未鉴定的复殖吸虫“g型”感染了大陆架上的5种毛颚动物物种。拉古纳·尼古普特和大陆架之间不同的主要宿主（软体动物和桡足类）以及不同的环境条件（盐度、溶解氧浓度和温度）促进了不同的毛颚动物物种组合，导致了不同的寄生虫多样性和患病率模式。
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