Skopova Karolina, Tomalova Barbora, Kanchev Ivan, Rossmann Pavel, Svedova Martina, Adkins Irena, Bibova Ilona, Tomala Jakub, Masin Jiri, Guiso Nicole, Osicka Radim, Sedlacek Radislav, Kovar Marek, Sebo Peter
Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic.
Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
Infect Immun. 2017 May 23;85(6). doi: 10.1128/IAI.00937-16. Print 2017 Jun.
The adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT, or AC-Hly) of targets phagocytic cells expressing the complement receptor 3 (CR3, Mac-1, αβ integrin, or CD11b/CD18). CyaA delivers into cells an N-terminal adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzyme domain that is activated by cytosolic calmodulin and catalyzes unregulated conversion of cellular ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP), a key second messenger subverting bactericidal activities of phagocytes. In parallel, the hemolysin (Hly) moiety of CyaA forms cation-selective hemolytic pores that permeabilize target cell membranes. We constructed the first mutant secreting a CyaA toxin having an intact capacity to deliver the AC enzyme into CD11b-expressing (CD11b) host phagocytes but impaired in formation of cell-permeabilizing pores and defective in cAMP elevation in CD11b cells. The nonhemolytic AC Hly bacteria inhibited the antigen-presenting capacities of coincubated mouse dendritic cells and skewed their Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered maturation toward a tolerogenic phenotype. The AC Hly mutant also infected mouse lungs as efficiently as the parental AC Hly strain. Hence, elevation of cAMP in CD11b cells and/or the pore-forming capacity of CyaA were not required for infection of mouse airways. The latter activities were, however, involved in bacterial penetration across the epithelial layer, enhanced neutrophil influx into lung parenchyma during sublethal infections, and the exacerbated lung pathology and lethality of infections at higher inoculation doses (>10 CFU/mouse). The pore-forming activity of CyaA further synergized with the cAMP-elevating activity in downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules on infiltrating myeloid cells, likely contributing to immune subversion of host defenses by the whooping cough agent.
百日咳杆菌的腺苷酸环化酶毒素-溶血素(CyaA,ACT,或AC-Hly)靶向表达补体受体3(CR3,Mac-1,αβ整合素,或CD11b/CD18)的吞噬细胞。CyaA将一个N端腺苷酸环化酶(AC)酶结构域递送到细胞中,该结构域被胞质钙调蛋白激活,并催化细胞内ATP无节制地转化为环磷酸腺苷(cAMP),这是一种关键的第二信使,可破坏吞噬细胞的杀菌活性。同时,CyaA的溶血素(Hly)部分形成阳离子选择性溶血孔,使靶细胞膜通透性增加。我们构建了首个突变体,其分泌的CyaA毒素具有将AC酶递送到表达CD11b的(CD11b)宿主吞噬细胞中的完整能力,但在形成细胞通透孔方面受损,并且在CD11b细胞中cAMP升高方面存在缺陷。非溶血AC Hly细菌抑制了共孵育的小鼠树突状细胞的抗原呈递能力,并使它们由Toll样受体(TLR)触发的成熟偏向耐受原性表型。AC Hly突变体感染小鼠肺部的效率也与亲本AC Hly菌株一样高。因此,感染小鼠气道不需要CD11b细胞中cAMP的升高和/或CyaA的成孔能力。然而,后一种活性参与了细菌穿过上皮层的过程、在亚致死性感染期间增强中性粒细胞向肺实质的流入,以及在较高接种剂量(>10 CFU/小鼠)下感染时加剧的肺部病理和致死率。CyaA的成孔活性还与cAMP升高活性协同作用,下调浸润的髓样细胞上的主要组织相容性复合体II类(MHC-II)分子,这可能有助于百日咳病原体对宿主防御进行免疫颠覆。