Frandsen Mai, Thow Megan, Ferguson Stuart G
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2017 May 1;19(5):532-538. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw222.
Smoking remains the single-most significant preventable cause of poor pregnancy outcomes, yet around 12% of Australian women smoke during pregnancy. Many women are motivated to quit when they find out they are pregnant, yet few are successful. While previous studies have examined the profile of the maternal smoker compared to her nonsmoking counterpart (Aim 1), little is known about what differentiates women who quit during pregnancy to those who do not (Aim 2). Here, we present results from a study investigating the characteristics of women who were able to quit during pregnancy.
Data were drawn from the Tasmanian Population Health database of women who had received antenatal care between 2011 and 2013 (n = 14300). Data collected included age, relationship status and ethnicity of expectant mothers, antenatal details, mental health conditions, and drug use. Independent samples t tests were used to compare differences between women who had, and those who had not, quit during pregnancy. The 19.4% of women who self-reported as smoking in the first half (first 20 weeks) of their pregnancy were further grouped and analyzed comparing those who reported still smoking in the second half of their pregnancy (smokers: n = 2570, 92.4%) to those who quit (quitters: n = 211, 7.6%).
Quitters (57.8%) were more likely to be in a relationship than their non-quitting counterparts (49.6%, p = .022) and were less likely to suffer from postnatal depression (2.4% vs. 6.0%, p = .029). No other differences between quitters and smokers were observed.
Determining the profile of women who are able to quit during pregnancy may be important to improve the relatively poor cessation rates among maternal smokers and may assist in more effectively targeting at-risk women.
Smoking cessation interventions have traditionally targeted socially disadvantaged women, for good reason: the majority of smoking pregnant women fall into this category. However, despite the significant attention and resources dedicated to antenatal smoking cessation interventions, most are ineffective with only 7.6% of the present sample quitting smoking during pregnancy. This paper may assist in developing more effective antenatal smoking cessation interventions by more clearly describing the profile of maternal smokers who successfully quit during pregnancy. Specifically, this paper highlights the need to acknowledge and address women's relationship status and mental health in order to promote smoking cessation in pregnancy.
吸烟仍是导致不良妊娠结局的唯一最重要的可预防因素，然而约12%的澳大利亚女性在孕期吸烟。许多女性在发现自己怀孕后有戒烟的意愿，但成功戒烟的却很少。虽然此前的研究对比了吸烟孕妇与其不吸烟的同龄人（目标1），但对于孕期成功戒烟的女性与未成功戒烟的女性之间的差异却知之甚少（目标2）。在此，我们展示一项研究的结果，该研究调查了孕期成功戒烟女性的特征。
数据取自塔斯马尼亚人口健康数据库中2011年至2013年期间接受产前护理的女性（n = 14300）。收集的数据包括准妈妈的年龄、恋爱状况和种族、产前细节、心理健康状况以及药物使用情况。采用独立样本t检验来比较孕期已戒烟女性与未戒烟女性之间的差异。将孕期前半段（前20周）自我报告吸烟的19.4%的女性进一步分组并分析，比较孕期后半段仍报告吸烟的女性（吸烟者：n = 2570，92.4%）与已戒烟的女性（戒烟者：n = 211，7.6%）。
与未戒烟者（49.6%，p = 0.022）相比，戒烟者（57.8%）恋爱的可能性更大，且患产后抑郁症的可能性更小（2.4%对6.0%，p = 0.029）。未观察到戒烟者与吸烟者之间的其他差异。
确定孕期能够成功戒烟的女性特征对于提高吸烟孕妇相对较低的戒烟率可能很重要，并且可能有助于更有效地针对高危女性。
传统上，戒烟干预措施的目标是社会经济地位不利的女性，这是有充分理由的：大多数吸烟孕妇属于这一类别。然而，尽管产前戒烟干预措施受到了大量关注并投入了资源，但大多数措施效果不佳，本样本中只有7.6%的女性在孕期成功戒烟。本文通过更清晰地描述孕期成功戒烟的吸烟孕妇特征，可能有助于制定更有效的产前戒烟干预措施。具体而言，本文强调需要认识并解决女性的恋爱状况和心理健康问题，以促进孕期戒烟。
