Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Geelong, VIC
Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Geelong, VIC.
Med J Aust. 2017 Apr 17;206(7):320-324. doi: 10.5694/mja17.00090.
Tick bites in Australia can lead to a variety of illnesses in patients. These include infection, allergies, paralysis, autoimmune disease, post-infection fatigue and Australian multisystem disorder. Rickettsial (Rickettsia spp.) infections (Queensland tick typhus, Flinders Island spotted fever and Australian spotted fever) and Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) are the only systemic bacterial infections that are known to be transmitted by tick bites in Australia. Three species of local ticks transmit bacterial infection following a tick bite: the paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus) is endemic on the east coast of Australia and causes Queensland tick typhus due to R. australis and Q fever due to C. burnetii; the ornate kangaroo tick (Amblyomma triguttatum) occurs throughout much of northern, central and western Australia and causes Q fever; and the southern reptile tick (Bothriocroton hydrosauri) is found mainly in south-eastern Australia and causes Flinders Island spotted fever due to R. honei. Much about Australian ticks and the medical outcomes following tick bites remains unknown. Further research is required to increase understanding of these areas.
在澳大利亚，蜱虫叮咬可导致患者出现多种疾病。这些疾病包括感染、过敏、瘫痪、自身免疫性疾病、感染后疲劳和澳大利亚多系统疾病。立克次体（Rickettsia spp.）感染（昆士兰蜱传斑疹伤寒、弗林德斯岛斑点热和澳大利亚斑点热）和 Q 热（柯克斯体）是已知可通过澳大利亚蜱虫叮咬传播的唯一系统性细菌感染。有三种本地蜱虫可在蜱虫叮咬后传播细菌感染：麻痹蜱（Ixodes holocyclus）在澳大利亚东海岸流行，导致 R. australis 引起的昆士兰蜱传斑疹伤寒和 C. burnetii 引起的 Q 热；华丽袋鼠蜱（Amblyomma triguttatum）在澳大利亚北部、中部和西部的大部分地区流行，导致 Q 热；以及南方爬行动物蜱（Bothriocroton hydrosauri）主要在澳大利亚东南部发现，导致 R. honei 引起的弗林德斯岛斑点热。有关澳大利亚蜱虫以及蜱虫叮咬后的医疗结果，还有很多未知之处。需要进一步研究以增进对这些领域的了解。
