Kuzmanovic Maja, Dolédec Sylvain, de Castro-Catala Nuria, Ginebreda Antoni, Sabater Sergi, Muñoz Isabel, Barceló Damià
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/Emili Grahit, 101 Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain.
UMR 5023, LEHNA, Biodiversité et Plasticité dans les Hydrosystèmes, Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
Environ Res. 2017 Jul;156:485-493. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.054. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
We used the trait composition of macroinvertebrate communities to identify the effects of pesticides and multiple stressors associated with urban land use at different sites of four rivers in Spain. Several physical and chemical stressors (high metal pollution, nutrients, elevated temperature and flow alterations) affected the urban sites. The occurrence of multiple stressors influenced aquatic assemblages at 50% of the sites. We hypothesized that the trait composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages would reflect the strategies that the assemblages used to cope with the respective environmental stressors. We used RLQ and fourth corner analysis to address the relationship between stressors and the trait composition of benthic macroinvertebrates. We found a statistically significant relationship between the trait composition and the exposure of assemblages to environmental stressors. The first RLQ dimension, which explained most of the variability, clearly separated sites according to the stressors. Urban-related stressors selected taxa that were mainly plurivoltine and fed on deposits. In contrast, pesticide impacted sites selected taxa with high levels of egg protection (better egg survival), indicating a potentially higher risk for egg mortality. Moreover, the trait diversity of assemblages at urban sites was low compared to that observed in pesticide impacted sites, suggesting the homogenization of assemblages in urban areas.
我们利用大型无脊椎动物群落的性状组成，来确定农药以及与西班牙四条河流不同地点城市土地利用相关的多种压力源的影响。几种物理和化学压力源（高金属污染、养分、温度升高和水流变化）影响了城市区域。多种压力源的出现影响了50%的采样点的水生生物群落。我们假设大型无脊椎动物群落的性状组成将反映群落用于应对各自环境压力源的策略。我们使用RLQ和第四角分析来研究压力源与底栖大型无脊椎动物性状组成之间的关系。我们发现性状组成与群落暴露于环境压力源之间存在统计学上的显著关系。解释了大部分变异性的第一维RLQ，根据压力源清晰地划分了采样点。与城市相关的压力源选择的分类群主要是多化性的，以沉积物为食。相比之下，受农药影响的采样点选择了具有高水平卵保护（更好的卵存活率）的分类群，这表明卵死亡的潜在风险更高。此外，与受农药影响的采样点相比，城市采样点群落的性状多样性较低，这表明城市地区群落的同质化。
