Abdelaal Mohamed M O, Brennan Gerard P, Hanna Robert E B, Abdel-Aziz Ahmed, Fairweather Ian
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo.
Parasite Therapeutics Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
Acta Parasitol. 2017 Jun 1;62(2):336-347. doi: 10.1515/ap-2017-0041.
An in vitro study has been carried out to monitor changes to the female reproductive system in adult triclabendazole (TCBZ)-resistant Fasciola hepatica following treatment with a commercial preparation of myrrh ("Mirazid"). Flukes were immersed for 6 h and 24 h in myrrh extract at a concentration of 200 µg/ml, then processed for histological and transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination of the uterus, Mehlis' gland, ovary and vitellaria. Egg production had become abnormal at 6 h post-treatment (pt), with the uterine lumen being filled with free vitelline cells and masses of shell protein material; few eggs were present. At 24 h pt, no eggs were present. Distinct changes to the ovary and Mehlis' gland were only observed after 24 h incubation in Mirazid. The ovary contained numbers of apoptotic oogonia and oocytes. In the Mehlis' gland, the S1 cells were disorganised and the processes from them were vacuolated, although the disruption was not significant. More severe changes were observed in the vitelline cells and follicles. After 6 h incubation in Mirazid, although the gross organisation of the vitelline follicles appeared to be normal, nuclear changes indicative of the early stages of apoptosis were observed in the stem cells and shell protein production by the mature cells had decreased. At 24 h pt, a distinct shift in cell population was evident, with the follicles containing mainly mature cells and spaces were present between the cells. The shell globule clusters in the mature cells were disorganised. In more severely-affected follicles, cells were seen to be breaking down, with karyolytic nuclei and disintegrating cytoplasm. Overall, the results have shown that exposure to Mirazid treatment had a severe impact on egg production by TCBZ-resistant flukes, an effect that was mediated by disruption of the vitelline cells and of the mechanism co-ordinating egg formation in the ootype.
已开展一项体外研究，以监测用没药商业制剂（“Mirazid”）处理后，成年对三氯苯达唑（TCBZ）耐药的肝片吸虫雌性生殖系统的变化。将吸虫在浓度为200µg/ml的没药提取物中浸泡6小时和24小时，然后进行子宫、梅氏腺、卵巢和卵黄腺的组织学及透射电子显微镜（TEM）检查。处理后6小时（pt）产卵已异常，子宫腔内充满游离的卵黄细胞和大量壳蛋白物质；几乎没有卵。处理后24小时，未发现卵。仅在Mirazid中孵育24小时后，才观察到卵巢和梅氏腺有明显变化。卵巢中有许多凋亡的卵原细胞和卵母细胞。在梅氏腺中，S1细胞排列紊乱，其突起出现空泡化，尽管这种破坏并不显著。在卵黄细胞和卵泡中观察到更严重的变化。在Mirazid中孵育6小时后，尽管卵黄卵泡的总体结构似乎正常，但在干细胞中观察到了指示凋亡早期阶段的核变化，成熟细胞的壳蛋白产量有所下降。处理后24小时，细胞群体明显转移，卵泡主要含有成熟细胞，细胞之间存在间隙。成熟细胞中的壳小球簇排列紊乱。在受影响更严重的卵泡中，可见细胞正在分解，核溶解，细胞质解体。总体而言，结果表明，暴露于Mirazid处理对耐药吸虫的产卵有严重影响，这种影响是由卵黄细胞的破坏以及卵模中协调卵子形成的机制介导的。
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