Schyma Christian, Bauer Kristina, Brünig Julia
Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 20, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2017 Jun;13(2):188-195. doi: 10.1007/s12024-017-9868-3. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
After contact shots to the head biological traces can be found inside firearm barrels. So far silicone coated, gelatin filled box models were used to generate such staining according to the triple contrast method (mixture of acrylic paint, barium sulfate and blood sealed in a thin foil bag). This study was conducted to develop a transparent ballistic model allowing contact shots. Gelatin filled polyethylene bottles with and without a silicone coat were tested in comparison to non-covered gelatin blocks. Finally, thin foil bags of 5 cm × 5 cm dimension were glued on a synthetic absorbent kitchen wipe on top of which 1 L 10% gelatin solution was molded to create blocks of 8.5 cm length. A kitchen wipe with a paint pad on its inside formed the front of the cube. Three contact shots each with a 9 mm Luger pistol and a .38 special revolver were performed on all model variations. The staining was documented by endoscopy and swabs gathered from both ends of the barrel were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Reliable staining was achieved using the front covered gelatin block with comparable results to the silicone coated box model used before. For further research using ballistic models to simulate a human head a symmetric form of the gelatin block such as a cube is recommended.
在对头部进行接触射击后，可在枪管内部发现生物痕迹。到目前为止，根据三重对比法（将丙烯酸漆、硫酸钡和血液混合密封在薄箔袋中），使用涂有硅胶、填充明胶的箱式模型来产生此类污渍。本研究旨在开发一种允许进行接触射击的透明弹道模型。对有硅胶涂层和无硅胶涂层的填充明胶聚乙烯瓶与未覆盖的明胶块进行了测试比较。最后，将尺寸为5厘米×5厘米的薄箔袋粘贴在合成吸水厨房擦拭布上，在其顶部浇铸1升10%的明胶溶液，制成长度为8.5厘米的块体。内部带有油漆垫的厨房擦拭布构成了立方体的前部。对所有模型变体均使用9毫米鲁格手枪和.38特殊左轮手枪各进行三次接触射击。通过内窥镜记录污渍情况，并对从枪管两端采集的拭子进行定量PCR分析。使用前面覆盖有明胶块的模型获得了可靠的污渍效果，与之前使用的涂有硅胶的箱式模型结果相当。对于进一步利用弹道模型模拟人体头部的研究，建议使用对称形状的明胶块，如立方体。
