Kapfhammer H-P
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapeutische Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Österreich.
Nervenarzt. 2017 May;88(5):549-570. doi: 10.1007/s00115-017-0337-8.
Patients with factitious disorders intentionally fabricate, exaggerate or feign physical and/or psychiatric symptoms for various open and covert psychological reasons. There are many issues regarding the diagnostic state and classification of factitious disorders. Both the categorical differentiation of and clinical continuum ranging from somatoform/dissociative disorders to malingering are being controversially debated. Epidemiological studies on the frequency of factitious disorder meet basic methodological difficulties. Reported rates of prevalence and incidence in the professional literature most probably have to be considered underestimations. Illness deception and self-harm as core features of the abnormal illness behaviour in factitious disorder may refer to various highly adverse and traumatic experiences during early development in a subgroup of patients. Chronic courses of illness prevail; however, there are also episodic variants.
诈病患者出于各种公开和隐蔽的心理原因，故意编造、夸大或伪装身体和/或精神症状。关于诈病的诊断状态和分类存在许多问题。从躯体形式/分离性障碍到诈病的分类区分和临床连续谱都存在争议性的讨论。关于诈病频率的流行病学研究面临基本的方法学困难。专业文献中报道的患病率和发病率很可能被低估了。疾病欺骗和自我伤害作为诈病中异常疾病行为的核心特征，可能与一部分患者早期发育过程中的各种高度不良和创伤性经历有关。疾病多为慢性病程；然而，也有发作性变体。
