Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), 619 Lower Plenty Rd, Yallambie, 3085, Victoria, Australia.
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee, DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
J Environ Radioact. 2017 Nov;178-179:385-393. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
Wildlife concentration ratios for Ra, Pb, Po and isotopes of Th and U from soil, water, and sediments were evaluated for a range of Australian uranium mining environments. Whole-organism concentration ratios (CR) were developed for 271 radionuclide-organism pairs within the terrestrial and freshwater wildlife groups. Australian wildlife often has distinct physiological attributes, such as the lower metabolic rates of macropod marsupials as compared with placental mammals. In addition, the Australian CRs originate from tropical and semi-arid climates, rather than from the temperate-dominated climates of Europe and North America from which most (>90%) of internationally available CR values originate. When compared, the Australian and non-Australian CRs are significantly different for some wildlife categories (e.g. grasses, mammals) but not others (e.g. shrubs). Where differences exist, the Australian values were higher, suggesting that site-, or region-specific CRs should be used in detailed Australian assessments. However, in screening studies, use of the international mean values in the Wildlife Transfer Database (WTD) appears to be appropriate, as long as the values used encompass the Australian 95th percentile values. Gaps in the Australian datasets include a lack of marine parameters, and no CR data are available for freshwater phytoplankton, zooplankton, insects, insect larvae or amphibians; for terrestrial environments, there are no data for amphibians, annelids, ferns, fungi or lichens & bryophytes. The new Australian specific parameters will aide in evaluating remediation plans and ongoing operations at mining and waste sites within Australia. They have also substantially bolstered the body of U- and Th-series CR data for use internationally.
从土壤、水和沉积物中评估了一系列澳大利亚铀矿环境中野生动物对 Ra、Pb、Po 和 Th、U 同位素的浓缩比。在陆地和淡水野生动物群体中，开发了 271 种放射性核素-生物体对的整体生物体浓缩比 (CR)。澳大利亚野生动物通常具有独特的生理特征，例如与胎盘哺乳动物相比，有袋类大型哺乳动物的代谢率较低。此外，澳大利亚的 CR 源自热带和半干旱气候，而不是欧洲和北美的温带气候，国际上可用的 CR 值大多 (>90%)源自这些地区。当进行比较时，对于某些野生动物类别（例如草类、哺乳动物），澳大利亚和非澳大利亚的 CR 存在显著差异，但对于其他类别（例如灌木）则不然。在存在差异的情况下，澳大利亚的值更高，这表明在详细的澳大利亚评估中，应使用特定地点或特定区域的 CR。然而，在筛选研究中，使用野生动物转移数据库 (WTD) 中的国际平均值似乎是合适的，只要使用的值包含澳大利亚的 95%百分位值。澳大利亚数据集的空白包括缺乏海洋参数，并且没有关于淡水浮游植物、浮游动物、昆虫、昆虫幼虫或两栖动物的 CR 数据；对于陆地环境，没有关于两栖动物、环节动物、蕨类植物、真菌或地衣和苔藓的 CR 数据。新的澳大利亚特定参数将有助于评估澳大利亚境内采矿和废物场的修复计划和正在进行的作业。它们还大大增加了用于国际用途的 U 和 Th 系列 CR 数据的数量。
