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2015年美国成年人对疫苗可预防疾病及推荐接种疫苗的认知情况

Awareness among adults of vaccine-preventable diseases and recommended vaccinations, United States, 2015.

作者信息

Lu Peng-Jun, O'Halloran Alissa, Kennedy Erin D, Williams Walter W, Kim David, Fiebelkorn Amy Parker, Donahue Sara, Bridges Carolyn B

机构信息

Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

出版信息

Vaccine. 2017 May 25;35(23):3104-3115. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.028. Epub 2017 Apr 28.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Adults are recommended to receive select vaccinations based on their age, underlying medical conditions, lifestyle, and other considerations. Factors associated with awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases and recommended vaccines among adults in the United States have not been explored.

METHODS

Data from a 2015 internet panel survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged ≥19years were analyzed to assess awareness of selected vaccine-preventable diseases and recommended vaccines for adults. A multivariable logistic regression model with a predictive marginal approach was used to identify factors independently associated with awareness of selected vaccine-preventable infections/diseases and corresponding vaccines.

RESULTS

Among the surveyed population, from 24.6 to 72.1% reported vaccination for recommended vaccines. Awareness of vaccine-preventable diseases among adults aged ≥19years ranged from 63.4% to 94.0% (63.4% reported awareness of HPV, 71.5% reported awareness of tetanus, 72.0% reported awareness of pertussis, 75.4% reported awareness of HZ, 75.8% reported awareness of hepatitis B, 83.1% reported awareness of pneumonia, and 94.0% reported awareness of influenza). Awareness of the corresponding vaccines among adults aged ≥19years ranged from 59.3% to 94.1% (59.3% HZ vaccine, 59.6% HPV vaccine, 64.3% hepatitis B vaccine, 66.2% pneumococcal vaccine, 86.3% tetanus vaccines, and 94.1% influenza vaccine). In multivariable analysis, being female and being a college graduate were significantly associated with a higher level of awareness for majority of vaccine-preventable diseases, and being female, being a college graduate, and working as a health care provider were significantly associated with a higher level of awareness for majority of corresponding vaccines.

CONCLUSIONS

Although adults in this survey reported high levels of awareness for most vaccines recommended for adults, self-reported vaccination coverage was not optimal. Combining interventions known to increase uptake of recommended vaccines, such as patient reminder/recall systems and other healthcare system-based interventions, and ensuring patients' vaccination needs are assessed, are needed to improve vaccination of adults.

摘要

背景

建议成年人根据其年龄、基础疾病、生活方式及其他因素接种特定疫苗。在美国,尚未对与成年人对疫苗可预防疾病及推荐疫苗的认知相关的因素进行探讨。

方法

对2015年一项针对年龄≥19岁的具有全国代表性的美国成年人网络小组调查的数据进行分析,以评估对选定的疫苗可预防疾病及成年人推荐疫苗的认知情况。采用具有预测边际法的多变量逻辑回归模型来确定与选定的疫苗可预防感染/疾病及相应疫苗的认知独立相关的因素。

结果

在被调查人群中,24.6%至72.1%的人报告接种了推荐疫苗。年龄≥19岁的成年人对疫苗可预防疾病的认知率在63.4%至94.0%之间(63.4%报告知晓人乳头瘤病毒,71.5%报告知晓破伤风,72.0%报告知晓百日咳,75.4%报告知晓带状疱疹,75.8%报告知晓乙型肝炎,83.1%报告知晓肺炎,94.0%报告知晓流感)。年龄≥19岁的成年人对相应疫苗的认知率在59.3%至94.1%之间(59.3%知晓带状疱疹疫苗,59.6%知晓人乳头瘤病毒疫苗,64.3%知晓乙型肝炎疫苗,66.2%知晓肺炎球菌疫苗,86.3%知晓破伤风疫苗,94.1%知晓流感疫苗)。在多变量分析中,女性和大学毕业生与大多数疫苗可预防疾病的较高认知水平显著相关,女性、大学毕业生以及从事医疗保健工作与大多数相应疫苗的较高认知水平显著相关。

结论

尽管本次调查中的成年人对大多数推荐给成年人的疫苗报告了较高的认知水平,但自我报告的疫苗接种覆盖率并不理想。需要结合已知可提高推荐疫苗接种率的干预措施,如患者提醒/召回系统及其他基于医疗保健系统的干预措施,并确保评估患者的疫苗接种需求,以改善成年人的疫苗接种情况。

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