Caramalac L S, Netto A Saran, Martins P G M A, Moriel P, Ranches J, Fernandes H J, Arthington J D
J Anim Sci. 2017 Apr;95(4):1739-1750. doi: 10.2527/jas.2016.0934.
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of Cu, Zn, and Mn source on measures of 1) preferential intake of mineral-concentrated supplements and 2) mineral status and pre- and postweaning performance of beef calves. In Exp. 1, 4 trials were conducted to assess the effect of source of Cu (750 mg/kg; Trial 1), Zn (2,000 mg/kg; Trial 2), Mn (3,000 mg/kg; Trial 3), and all 3 elements (Trial 4) on preferential intake of mineral-concentrated supplements. Supplements differed only by source of Cu, Zn, and Mn, which included hydroxychloride (hydroxy), sulfate, and organic options. In each trial, the 3 supplements were simultaneously offered to 8 pens of early-weaned calves (2 calves/pen; 126 ± 8.0 kg average BW) for a 4-h period and preferential intake was determined. When offered the opportunity to select among 3 supplement options, calves consumed more ( < 0.001) supplement containing hydroxy vs. organic or sulfate sources of Cu (Trial 1), Zn (Trial 2), and Mn (Trial 3). In Trial 4, when all 3 elements were combined within a single supplement, calves almost exclusively selected ( < 0.001) the hydroxy vs. organic or sulfate sources (82.9, 10.4, and 6.7% of total supplement intake, respectively [SEM 3.16]). In Exp. 2, calves were supplemented at a rate of 114 g/calf daily for 84 d before weaning (2 calves/pasture; 10 and 12 pastures in yr 1 and 2, respectively). Supplements were formulated to contain no supplemental minerals (control); hydroxy Cu, Zn, and Mn; or copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and manganese oxide (sulfate/oxide). Total supplement intake was greater ( = 0.01) for calves consuming the hydroxy vs. the sulfate/oxide sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn (9.0 vs. 7.2 kg [SEM 0.45]). Preweaning calf BW gain did not differ ( ≥ 0.15) among treatments; however, calves provided mineral-fortified supplements had greater ( = 0.003) liver concentrations of Co and Se and tended ( = 0.07) to have greater liver concentrations of Cu at weaning compared with the controls. Calves provided mineral-fortified vs. control supplements had greater ( ≤ 0.05) peak concentrations of ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin and less BW gain during in the 16-d postweaning period. These data demonstrate greater voluntary intake of mineral-concentrated supplements among calves offered hydroxy vs. sulfate or organic sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Preweaning mineral-fortified supplementation increased calf mineral status, heightened inflammatory responsiveness, and decreased BW gain during the immediate postweaning period.
我们的目标是评估铜、锌和锰的来源对以下指标的影响：1）矿物质浓缩补充剂的优先摄入量；2）肉牛犊的矿物质状态以及断奶前后的生长性能。在实验1中，进行了4次试验，以评估铜（750毫克/千克；试验1）、锌（2000毫克/千克；试验2）、锰（3000毫克/千克；试验3）以及所有3种元素（试验4）的来源对矿物质浓缩补充剂优先摄入量的影响。补充剂之间的差异仅在于铜、锌和锰的来源，包括氢氧化物（羟基）、硫酸盐和有机酸盐。在每次试验中，将3种补充剂同时提供给8组早期断奶犊牛（每组2头犊牛；平均体重126±8.0千克），持续4小时，并测定优先摄入量。当有机会在3种补充剂选项中进行选择时，犊牛消耗含羟基来源的铜（试验1）、锌（试验2）和锰（试验3）的补充剂比消耗有机或硫酸盐来源的更多（P<0.001）。在试验4中，当所有3种元素在单一补充剂中混合时，犊牛几乎完全选择（P<0.001）含羟基来源而非有机或硫酸盐来源的补充剂（分别占补充剂总摄入量的82.9%、10.4%和6.7%[标准误3.16]）。在实验2中，犊牛在断奶前84天以每天114克/头的速率进行补充（第1年每组2头犊牛，10个牧场；第2年每组2头犊牛，12个牧场）。补充剂配方为不含有补充矿物质（对照）；羟基铜、锌和锰；或硫酸铜、硫酸锌和氧化锰（硫酸盐/氧化物）。消耗含羟基来源的铜、锌和锰的犊牛的总补充剂摄入量比消耗硫酸盐/氧化物来源的更高（P=0.01）（分别为9.0千克和7.2千克[标准误0.45]）。断奶前犊牛体重增加在各处理之间没有差异（P≥0.15）；然而，与对照组相比，提供了矿物质强化补充剂的犊牛在断奶时肝脏中的钴和硒浓度更高（P=0.003），并且肝脏中的铜浓度有增加的趋势（P=0.07）。与对照组相比，提供矿物质强化补充剂的犊牛在断奶后16天内的铜蓝蛋白和触珠蛋白峰值浓度更高（P≤0.05），体重增加更少。这些数据表明，与提供硫酸盐或有机酸盐来源的铜、锌和锰的犊牛相比，提供含羟基来源的犊牛对矿物质浓缩补充剂的自愿摄入量更高。断奶前进行矿物质强化补充可提高犊牛的矿物质状态，增强炎症反应，并在断奶后的短期内降低体重增加。
