Hasegawa Tomoka, Yamamoto Tomomaya, Tsuchiya Erika, Hongo Hiromi, Tsuboi Kanako, Kudo Ai, Abe Miki, Yoshida Taiji, Nagai Tomoya, Khadiza Naznin, Yokoyama Ayako, Oda Kimimitsu, Ozawa Hidehiro, de Freitas Paulo Henrique Luiz, Li Minqi, Amizuka Norio
Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2017 May;53(2):34-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Nov 5.
Matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization is an orchestrated sequence of ultrastructural and biochemical events that lead to crystal nucleation and growth. The influx of phosphate ions into the matrix vesicle is mediated by several proteins such as TNAP, ENPP1, Pit1, annexin and so forth. The catalytic activity of ENPP1 generates pyrophosphate (PPi) using extracellular ATPs as a substrate, and the resultant PPi prevents crystal overgrowth. However, TNAP hydrolyzes PPi into phosphate ion monomers, which are then transported into the matrix vesicle through Pit1. Accumulation of Ca and PO inside matrix vesicles then induces crystalline nucleation, with calcium phosphate crystals budding off radially, puncturing the matrix vesicle's membrane and finally growing out of it to form mineralized nodules.
基质小泡介导的矿化是一系列精心编排的超微结构和生化事件，这些事件导致晶体成核和生长。磷酸根离子流入基质小泡是由多种蛋白质介导的，如组织非特异性碱性磷酸酶（TNAP）、外核苷酸焦磷酸酶/磷酸二酯酶1（ENPP1）、磷酸盐转运体1（Pit1）、膜联蛋白等等。ENPP1的催化活性以细胞外三磷酸腺苷（ATP）为底物生成焦磷酸（PPi），生成的PPi可防止晶体过度生长。然而，TNAP将PPi水解为磷酸根离子单体，然后通过Pit1转运到基质小泡中。基质小泡内钙和磷酸根的积累随后诱导晶体成核，磷酸钙晶体呈放射状出芽，刺穿基质小泡的膜，最终从膜中生长出来形成矿化结节。
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