Kinder Jeremy M, Stelzer Ina A, Arck Petra C, Way Sing Sing
Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital.
Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2017 Aug;17(8):483-494. doi: 10.1038/nri.2017.38. Epub 2017 May 8.
Immunological identity is traditionally defined by genetically encoded antigens, with equal maternal and paternal contributions as a result of Mendelian inheritance. However, vertically transferred maternal cells also persist in individuals at very low levels throughout postnatal development. Reciprocally, mothers are seeded during pregnancy with genetically foreign fetal cells that persist long after parturition. Recent findings suggest that these microchimeric cells expressing non-inherited, familially relevant antigenic traits are not accidental 'souvenirs' of pregnancy, but are purposefully retained within mothers and their offspring to promote genetic fitness by improving the outcome of future pregnancies. In this Review, we discuss the immunological implications, benefits and potential consequences of individuals being constitutively chimeric with a biologically active 'microchiome' of genetically foreign cells.
传统上，免疫身份由基因编码的抗原定义，由于孟德尔遗传，母系和父系贡献相等。然而，垂直转移的母细胞在个体出生后的整个发育过程中也以极低的水平持续存在。相反，母亲在怀孕期间会植入基因上异源的胎儿细胞，这些细胞在分娩后仍会长期存在。最近的研究结果表明，这些表达非遗传的、家族相关抗原特征的微嵌合细胞并非怀孕偶然留下的“纪念品”，而是有意保留在母亲及其后代体内，通过改善未来妊娠的结局来提高遗传适应性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了个体因具有生物活性的基因异源细胞“微嵌合体”而构成嵌合体的免疫学影响、益处和潜在后果。
