Rodríguez-Bailón María, García-Morán Tamara, Montoro-Membila Nuria, Ródenas-García Estrella, Montoro Marisa Arnedo, Funes Molina María Jesús
1Departament of Physioterapy (Occupational Therapy) University of Malaga,Málaga,Spain.
2Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center,University of Granada,Granada,Spain.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2017 Jul;23(6):481-492. doi: 10.1017/S135561771700025X. Epub 2017 May 12.
Previous studies have reported impairments in activities of daily living (ADL) performance in the presence of irrelevant but physically/functionally related objects in dementia patients. The aim of the present study was to increase our knowledge about the impact of the presence of contextually related non-target objects on ADL execution in patients with multi-domain mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.
We compared ADL execution in patients with MCI, dementia, and healthy elderly participants under two experimental conditions: One in which the target objects were embedded with contextually related non-target items that constituted the object set necessary to complete two additional (but unrequired) ADL tasks related to the target task, and a second, control condition where target objects were surrounded by isolated objects (they never constituted a whole set needed to complete an alternative ADL task).
Separate analysis of ADL errors associated with the target task versus errors involving the non-target objects revealed that, although the presence of contextually related objects facilitated the accomplishment of the target task, such a condition also led to errors involving the use of irrelevant objects in dementia and MCI.
The presence of contextually related non-target items produces both positive and negative effects on ADL performance. These types of non-target objects might help to cue the retrieval of the action schema related to the target task, particularly in patients with MCI. In contrast, the presence of these objects might also lead to distraction in dementia and MCI. (JINS, 2017, 23, 481-492).
先前的研究报告称，在痴呆症患者中，存在不相关但在身体/功能上相关的物体时，日常生活活动（ADL）表现会受损。本研究的目的是增加我们对多领域轻度认知障碍（MCI）和痴呆症患者中与情境相关的非目标物体的存在对ADL执行的影响的了解。
我们比较了MCI患者、痴呆症患者和健康老年参与者在两种实验条件下的ADL执行情况：一种条件是目标物体嵌入了与情境相关的非目标物品，这些物品构成了完成与目标任务相关的另外两项（但非必需的）ADL任务所需的物体集；另一种是对照条件，目标物体被孤立的物体包围（它们从未构成完成替代ADL任务所需的完整集合）。
对与目标任务相关的ADL错误和涉及非目标物体的错误进行单独分析发现，尽管与情境相关的物体的存在促进了目标任务的完成，但这种情况也导致痴呆症和MCI患者在使用无关物体时出现错误。
与情境相关的非目标物品的存在对ADL表现产生了积极和消极的影响。这些类型的非目标物体可能有助于提示与目标任务相关的动作模式的检索，特别是在MCI患者中。相比之下，这些物体的存在也可能导致痴呆症和MCI患者分心。（《日本神经精神医学杂志》，2017年，第23卷，第481 - 492页）
