Sarin Arunima, Lagnado David A, Burgess Paul W
1 Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
2 Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, UK.
Exp Psychol. 2017 Mar;64(2):124-141. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000359.
Knowledge of intention and outcome is integral to making judgments of responsibility, blame, and causality. Yet, little is known about the effect of conflicting intentions and outcomes on these judgments. In a series of four experiments, we combine good and bad intentions with positive and negative outcomes, presenting these through everyday moral scenarios. Our results demonstrate an asymmetry in responsibility, causality, and blame judgments for the two incongruent conditions: well-intentioned agents are regarded more morally and causally responsible for negative outcomes than ill-intentioned agents are held for positive outcomes. This novel effect of an intention-outcome asymmetry identifies an unexplored aspect of moral judgment and is partially explained by extra inferences that participants make about the actions of the moral agent.
对意图和结果的了解是做出责任、归咎和因果关系判断所不可或缺的。然而，对于相互冲突的意图和结果对这些判断的影响，我们知之甚少。在一系列四项实验中，我们将善意和恶意意图与积极和消极结果相结合，并通过日常道德情境来呈现这些情况。我们的结果表明，在两种不一致的情况下，责任、因果关系和归咎判断存在不对称性：善意行为者因负面结果而被认为在道德和因果关系上比恶意行为者因正面结果而被认为负有更大的责任。这种意图 - 结果不对称的新颖效应揭示了道德判断中一个未被探索的方面，并且部分可以通过参与者对道德行为者行为所做的额外推断来解释。
