Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Immunol Res. 2017;2017:5193572. doi: 10.1155/2017/5193572. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
Proteinase-activated receptors 1 (PAR) and 2 (PAR) are the most highly expressed members of the PAR family in the periodontium. These receptors regulate periodontal inflammatory and repair processes through their activation by endogenous and bacterial enzymes. PAR is expressed by the periodontal cells such as human gingival fibroblasts, gingival epithelial cells, periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts, and monocytic cells and can be activated by thrombin, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-13, fibrin, and gingipains from . PAR is expressed by neutrophils, osteoblasts, oral epithelial cells, and human gingival fibroblasts, and its possible activators in the periodontium are gingipains, neutrophil proteinase 3, and mast cell tryptase. The mechanisms through which PARs can respond to periodontal enzymes and result in appropriate immune responses have until recently been poorly understood. This review discusses recent findings that are beginning to identify a cardinal role for PAR and PAR on periodontal tissue metabolism.
蛋白酶激活受体 1（PAR1）和 2（PAR2）是牙周组织中 PAR 家族中表达水平最高的成员。这些受体通过内源性和细菌酶的激活来调节牙周炎症和修复过程。PAR 由牙周细胞表达，如人牙龈成纤维细胞、牙龈上皮细胞、牙周韧带细胞、成骨细胞和单核细胞，并且可以被凝血酶、基质金属蛋白酶 1（MMP-1）、MMP-13、纤维蛋白和来自. 的牙龈蛋白酶激活。PAR 由中性粒细胞、成骨细胞、口腔上皮细胞和人牙龈成纤维细胞表达，其在牙周组织中的可能激活剂是牙龈蛋白酶、中性粒细胞蛋白酶 3 和肥大细胞胰蛋白酶。PAR 如何响应牙周酶并产生适当免疫反应的机制直到最近才得到很好的理解。本综述讨论了最近的发现，这些发现开始确定 PAR 和 PAR 在牙周组织代谢中的主要作用。
