Miyake Kensuke, Karasuyama Hajime
Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
Allergol Int. 2017 Jul;66(3):382-391. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 May 11.
Basophils have long been neglected in immunological studies because they were regarded as only minor relatives of mast cells. However, recent advances in analytical tools for basophils have clarified the non-redundant roles of basophils in allergic inflammation. Basophils play crucial roles in both IgE-dependent and -independent allergic inflammation, through their migration to the site of inflammation and secretion of various mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and proteases. Basophils are known to produce large amounts of IL-4 in response to various stimuli. Basophil-derived IL-4 has recently been shown to play versatile roles in allergic inflammation by acting on various cell types, including macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Basophil-derived serine proteases are also crucial for the aggravation of allergic inflammation. Moreover, recent reports suggest the roles of basophils in modulating adaptive immune responses, particularly in the induction of Th2 differentiation and enhancement of humoral memory responses. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the roles of basophils in allergic inflammation.
长期以来，嗜碱性粒细胞在免疫学研究中一直被忽视，因为它们被视为仅与肥大细胞有亲缘关系的次要细胞。然而，近年来针对嗜碱性粒细胞的分析工具取得的进展，已经阐明了嗜碱性粒细胞在过敏性炎症中的非冗余作用。嗜碱性粒细胞通过迁移至炎症部位并分泌包括细胞因子、趋化因子和蛋白酶在内的多种介质，在IgE依赖性和非依赖性过敏性炎症中均发挥着关键作用。已知嗜碱性粒细胞在受到各种刺激时会产生大量白细胞介素-4（IL-4）。最近的研究表明，嗜碱性粒细胞产生的IL-4通过作用于包括巨噬细胞、固有淋巴细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞在内的多种细胞类型，在过敏性炎症中发挥多种作用。嗜碱性粒细胞产生的丝氨酸蛋白酶对于过敏性炎症的加重也至关重要。此外，最近的报告表明嗜碱性粒细胞在调节适应性免疫反应中发挥作用，特别是在诱导Th2分化和增强体液记忆反应方面。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论在理解嗜碱性粒细胞在过敏性炎症中的作用方面的最新进展。
