Center for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
Am J Hypertens. 2017 Sep 1;30(9):907-913. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpx074.
Hypertension is a significant contributor to cardiovascular and renal diseases. In low-income settings like Nepal, there are few epidemiological studies assessing hypertension burden. Thus, the purpose was to determine prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Nepal.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in semi-urban area of western Nepal among randomly selected participants, aged between 25 and 65 years. Systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg and/or taking current antihypertensive medicine defined as hypertension.
Study included 2,815 participants, 1,844 were women. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 28%. Of the study participants, 17% were daily smokers, 12% harmful alcohol drinkers, 90% consuming low levels of fruit and/or vegetable, and 7% reported low physical activity. Among hypertensive participants, 46% were aware of their preexisting hypertension, 31% were on hypertensive medication, and 15% met BP control targets. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06; 1.08), higher body mass index (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06; 1.12), men (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.25; 2.14), harmful alcohol intake (Or: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.73; 3.51), family history of hypertension (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.14; 1.76), and diabetes (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.30; 3.33) were independently associated with hypertension.
The prevalence of hypertension was found high in western Nepal. A number of risk factors were identified as possible drivers of this burden. Thus, there is an urgent need to address modifiable risk factors in semi-urban settings of western Nepal.
高血压是心血管疾病和肾脏疾病的重要致病因素。在尼泊尔等低收入国家，很少有评估高血压负担的流行病学研究。因此，本研究旨在确定尼泊尔高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率。
在尼泊尔西部半城市地区进行了一项横断面调查，随机选择年龄在 25 至 65 岁之间的参与者。收缩压（BP）≥140mmHg 和/或舒张压≥90mmHg 和/或正在服用降压药物定义为高血压。
本研究共纳入 2815 名参与者，其中 1844 名为女性。年龄和性别调整后的高血压患病率为 28%。研究参与者中，17%为每日吸烟者，12%为有害饮酒者，90%食用低水平的水果和/或蔬菜，7%报告低身体活动量。在高血压患者中，46%知晓其原有高血压，31%正在服用降压药物，15%血压控制达标。年龄增长（比值比 [OR]：1.07，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.06；1.08）、较高的体重指数（OR：1.09，95%CI：1.06；1.12）、男性（OR：1.63，95%CI：1.25；2.14）、有害饮酒（OR：2.46；95%CI：1.73；3.51）、高血压家族史（OR：1.42；95%CI：1.14；1.76）和糖尿病（OR：2.08，95%CI：1.30；3.33）与高血压独立相关。
尼泊尔西部高血压患病率较高。确定了一些危险因素可能是导致这种负担的原因。因此，迫切需要解决尼泊尔西部半城市地区的可改变危险因素。
