Palaoro Alexandre V, Velasque Mariana, Santos Sandro, Briffa Mark
Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
Biol Lett. 2017 May;13(5). doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0011.
An animal's decision to enter into a fight depends on the interaction between perceived resource value (V) and fighting costs (C). Both could be altered by predictable environmental fluctuations. For intertidal marine animals, such as the sea anemone , exposure to high flow during the tidal cycle may increase V by bringing more food. It may also increase C via energy expenditure needed to attach to the substrate. We asked whether simulated tidal cycles would alter decisions in fighting We exposed some individuals to still water and others to simulated tidal cycles. To gain insights into V, we measured their startle responses before and after exposure to the treatments, before staging dyadic fights. Individuals exposed to flow present shorter startle responses, suggesting that flowing water indicates high V compared with still water. A higher probability of winning against no-flow individuals and longer contests between flow individuals suggests that increased V increases persistence. However, encounters between flow individuals were less likely to escalate, suggesting that C is not directly related to V. Therefore, predictable environmental cycles alter V and C, but in complex ways.
动物决定是否进入战斗取决于感知到的资源价值（V）与战斗成本（C）之间的相互作用。两者都可能因可预测的环境波动而改变。对于潮间带海洋动物，如海葵，在潮汐周期中暴露于高流速可能会通过带来更多食物而增加V。它也可能通过附着在基质上所需的能量消耗而增加C。我们询问模拟潮汐周期是否会改变战斗决策。我们将一些个体暴露于静水中，另一些个体暴露于模拟潮汐周期中。为了深入了解V，我们在进行二元战斗之前，测量了它们在接受处理前后的惊吓反应。暴露于水流中的个体表现出较短的惊吓反应，这表明与静水相比，流动的水表明V较高。与无水流个体相比，战胜它们的概率更高，且水流个体之间的争斗持续时间更长，这表明V的增加会增强持久性。然而，水流个体之间的相遇升级的可能性较小，这表明C与V没有直接关系。因此，可预测的环境周期会改变V和C，但方式复杂。
