Structure and Stability of a Copper(II) Lactate Complex in Alkaline Solution: a Case Study by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

Energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy was applied, aimed at solving the problem of the structure and stability of a copper(II) lactate complex in alkaline solution, used as a precursor for the electrodeposition of CuO. The application of multiple scattering calculations to the simulation of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure part of the spectra allowed an accurate resolution of the structure: the copper(II) cation is surrounded by four lactate ions in a distorted tetrahedral environment, with the lactate anions acting as monodentate ligands. This results in an atomic arrangement where copper is surrounded by four oxygen atoms located at quite a short distance (ca. 1.87 Å) and four oxygen atoms located quite far apart (ca. 3.1-3.2 Å). The complex was finally found to be stable in a wide range of applied potentials.