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遗传多样性的全基因组变异模式在种群、物种和高阶分类群之间是共享的。

Genomewide patterns of variation in genetic diversity are shared among populations, species and higher-order taxa.

作者信息

Vijay Nagarjun, Weissensteiner Matthias, Burri Reto, Kawakami Takeshi, Ellegren Hans, Wolf Jochen B W

机构信息

Department of Evolutionary Biology and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Lab of Molecular and Genomic Evolution, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

出版信息

Mol Ecol. 2017 Aug;26(16):4284-4295. doi: 10.1111/mec.14195. Epub 2017 Jun 27.

Abstract

Genomewide screens of genetic variation within and between populations can reveal signatures of selection implicated in adaptation and speciation. Genomic regions with low genetic diversity and elevated differentiation reflective of locally reduced effective population sizes (N ) are candidates for barrier loci contributing to population divergence. Yet, such candidate genomic regions need not arise as a result of selection promoting adaptation or advancing reproductive isolation. Linked selection unrelated to lineage-specific adaptation or population divergence can generate comparable signatures. It is challenging to distinguish between these processes, particularly when diverging populations share ancestral genetic variation. In this study, we took a comparative approach using population assemblages from distant clades assessing genomic parallelism of variation in N . Utilizing population-level polymorphism data from 444 resequenced genomes of three avian clades spanning 50 million years of evolution, we tested whether population genetic summary statistics reflecting genomewide variation in N would covary among populations within clades, and importantly, also among clades where lineage sorting has been completed. All statistics including population-scaled recombination rate (ρ), nucleotide diversity (π) and measures of genetic differentiation between populations (F , PBS, d ) were significantly correlated across all phylogenetic distances. Moreover, genomic regions with elevated levels of genetic differentiation were associated with inferred pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions. The phylogenetic stability of diversity landscapes and stable association with genomic features support a role of linked selection not necessarily associated with adaptation and speciation in shaping patterns of genomewide heterogeneity in genetic diversity.

摘要

对种群内部和种群之间的遗传变异进行全基因组筛选,可以揭示与适应和物种形成相关的选择特征。遗传多样性低且分化程度升高的基因组区域反映了局部有效种群大小(N)的减少,这些区域是导致种群分化的屏障位点的候选区域。然而,这些候选基因组区域不一定是由于促进适应或推进生殖隔离的选择而产生的。与谱系特异性适应或种群分化无关的连锁选择也可以产生类似的特征。区分这些过程具有挑战性,特别是当分化的种群共享祖先遗传变异时。在本研究中,我们采用了一种比较方法,使用来自远缘分支的种群组合来评估N变异的基因组平行性。利用跨越5000万年进化的三个鸟类分支的444个重测序基因组的种群水平多态性数据,我们测试了反映全基因组N变异的种群遗传汇总统计量是否会在分支内的种群之间共变,重要的是,在谱系分选已经完成的分支之间是否也会共变。包括种群尺度重组率(ρ)、核苷酸多样性(π)和种群间遗传分化度量(F、PBS、d)在内的所有统计量在所有系统发育距离上均显著相关。此外,遗传分化水平升高的基因组区域与推断的着丝粒周围和亚端粒区域相关。多样性景观的系统发育稳定性以及与基因组特征的稳定关联支持了连锁选择在塑造全基因组遗传多样性异质性模式中的作用,这种作用不一定与适应和物种形成相关。

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