Murray Thomas H
Med Sport Sci. 2017;62:186-193. doi: 10.1159/000460749. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Clarity about the ethical justification of anti-doping is essential. In its absence, critics multiply and confusion abounds. Three broad reasons are typically offered in anti-doping's defense: to protect athletes' health; to promote fairness; and to preserve meaning and values in sport - what the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Code refers to as the spirit of sport. Protecting health is itself an important value, but many sports encourage athletes to take significant risks. The case against doping is buttressed by concern for athletes' health, but it cannot be the sole foundation. Promoting fairness is vital in all sports as the metaphor of the level playing field attests. But playing fields can be leveled by providing performance-enhancing drugs to all competitors. When doping is prohibited, fairness is aided by effective anti-doping. But the fundamental justification for anti-doping is found in the meanings and values we pursue in and through sport.
明确反兴奋剂的伦理依据至关重要。若缺乏这一点，批评者便会增多，乱象丛生。通常会提出三大理由来为反兴奋剂辩护：保护运动员健康；促进公平；维护体育的意义和价值观——世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）准则中所称的体育精神。保护健康本身就是一项重要价值，但许多运动项目鼓励运动员承担重大风险。反对使用兴奋剂的理由有对运动员健康的关切作为支撑，但这不能成为唯一的依据。促进公平在所有体育项目中都至关重要，公平竞争环境这一比喻便证明了这一点。但可以通过向所有参赛者提供提高成绩的药物来实现公平竞争环境。当禁止使用兴奋剂时，有效的反兴奋剂措施有助于实现公平。但反兴奋剂的根本依据在于我们在体育中以及通过体育所追求的意义和价值观。
