Ferchaud-Roucher Véronique, Rudolph Michael C, Jansson Thomas, Powell Theresa L
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2017 Jun;121:14-20. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.001. Epub 2017 Jun 5.
Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the preferential transport of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to the fetus by the syncytiotrophoblast and the role of cytotrophoblasts in placental lipid metabolism and transport. We studied primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells cultured for 90h to determine the fatty acid and lipid composition of cytotrophoblast (18h culture) and syncytiotrophoblast (90h culture) cells. In cultured PHT total lipid fatty acids were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced at 90h compared to 18h in culture including lower levels of palmitic acid (PA, 16:0, -37%), palmitoleic acid (POA, 16:1n-7, -30%), oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9, -31%), LCPUFA arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6, -28%) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3, -55%). In major lipid classes, OA and most of the n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA were markedly lower at 90h in TG (-57 to -76%; p < 0.05). In the cellular NEFA, n-6 LCPUFA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3n-6) and AA were both reduced by -51% and DHA was -55% lower (p < 0.05) at 90h. In contrast, phospholipid FA content did not change between cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast except for OA, which decreased by -62% (p < 0.05). Decreasing PHT TG and NEFA lipid content at 90h in culture is likely due to processes related to differentiation such as alterations in lipase activity that occur as cytotrophoblast cells differentiate. We speculate that syncytiotrophoblast prioritizes PL containing AA and DHA for transfer to the fetus by mobilizing FA from storage lipids.
关于合体滋养层细胞将长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）优先转运至胎儿的潜在机制以及细胞滋养层细胞在胎盘脂质代谢和转运中的作用，目前所知甚少。我们研究了培养90小时的原代人滋养层（PHT）细胞，以确定细胞滋养层（培养18小时）和合体滋养层（培养90小时）细胞的脂肪酸和脂质组成。在培养的PHT中，与培养18小时相比，90小时时总脂质脂肪酸显著减少（P<0.05），包括棕榈酸（PA，16:0，-37%）、棕榈油酸（POA，16:1n-7，-30%）、油酸（OA，18:1n-9，-31%）、LCPUFA花生四烯酸（AA，20:4n-6，-28%）和α-亚麻酸（ALA，18:3n-3，-55%）水平降低。在主要脂质类别中，90小时时TG中的OA以及大多数n-3和n-6 LCPUFA显著降低（-57至-76%；p<0.05）。在细胞游离脂肪酸（NEFA）中，90小时时n-6 LCPUFA、二高-γ-亚麻酸（DGLA，20:3n-6）和AA均减少了-51%，DHA降低了-55%（p<0.05）。相比之下，除OA减少了-62%（p<0.05）外，细胞滋养层细胞和合体滋养层细胞之间的磷脂脂肪酸含量没有变化。培养90小时时PHT的TG和NEFA脂质含量降低可能是由于与分化相关的过程，如细胞滋养层细胞分化时脂肪酶活性的改变。我们推测，合体滋养层细胞通过从储存脂质中动员脂肪酸，优先将含有AA和DHA的磷脂转运至胎儿。
