Fontaine Thierry
Unité des Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.
Biochimie. 2017 Oct;141:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.06.012. Epub 2017 Jun 23.
Sphingolipids (SPLs) are key components of the plasma membrane in yeast and filamentous fungi. These molecules are involved in a number of cellular processes, and particularly, SGLs are essential components of the highly polarized fungal growth where they are required for the formation of the polarisome organization at the hyphal apex. Aspergillus fumigatus, a human fungal pathogen, produce SGLs that are discriminated into neutral cerebrosides, glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. In addition to complex hydrophilic head groups of GIPCs, A. fumigatus is, to date, the sole fungus that produces a GPI-anchored polysaccharide. These SPLs follow three different biosynthetic pathways. Genetics blockage leading to the inhibition of any SPL biosynthesis or to the alteration of the structure of SPL induces growth and virulence defects. The complete lipid moiety of SPLs is essential for the lipid microdomain organization and their biosynthetic pathways are potential antifungal targets but remains understudied.
鞘脂（SPLs）是酵母和丝状真菌质膜的关键组成部分。这些分子参与许多细胞过程，特别是鞘糖脂（SGLs）是高度极化的真菌生长的必需成分，在菌丝顶端形成极化体组织时它们是必需的。烟曲霉是一种人类真菌病原体，产生的鞘糖脂可分为中性脑苷脂、糖基肌醇磷酸神经酰胺（GIPCs）和糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚定物。除了GIPCs复杂的亲水头部基团外，烟曲霉是迄今为止唯一产生GPI锚定多糖的真菌。这些鞘脂遵循三种不同的生物合成途径。导致任何鞘脂生物合成抑制或鞘脂结构改变的基因阻断会诱导生长和毒力缺陷。鞘脂完整的脂质部分对于脂质微区组织至关重要，其生物合成途径是潜在的抗真菌靶点，但仍未得到充分研究。
