Nakamura Yusaku
Department of Neurology, Kindai University Sakai Hospital.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2017 Jul 29;57(7):367-372. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001018. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
Dystonia is defined as a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscles contraction causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both. Dystonic movements are typically patterned and twisting, and may be tremulous. The precis diagnosis of dystonia is difficult for physicians because neurological brain imaging does not provide enough practical information. The diagnosis is depend on clinical experience of physicians. Botulinum toxin treatment is the accepted standard of care for patients with focal dystonia. Botulinum toxin treatment results in significant improvement of decreasing the symptom of dystonia. The success of treatment is dependent on muscle selection for treating involved muscles. Usually performance of botulinum toxin treatment is injected according to clinical experience of surface anatomy or clinical location method. However, the benefit of guidance of botulinum toxin treatment is improve outcome in dystonia. Injection techniques with ultra sound echogram or EMG guidance to identify dystonic muscles can be more benefit for patients.
肌张力障碍被定义为一种运动障碍，其特征是肌肉持续或间歇性收缩，导致异常的、通常是重复性的运动、姿势或两者皆有。肌张力障碍性运动通常呈模式化且扭曲，可能伴有震颤。对医生来说，肌张力障碍的准确诊断很困难，因为神经脑部成像无法提供足够的实用信息。诊断依赖于医生的临床经验。肉毒杆菌毒素治疗是局灶性肌张力障碍患者公认的标准治疗方法。肉毒杆菌毒素治疗能显著改善肌张力障碍症状。治疗的成功取决于对受累肌肉的选择。通常肉毒杆菌毒素治疗是根据表面解剖学的临床经验或临床定位方法进行注射。然而，肉毒杆菌毒素治疗的引导有助于改善肌张力障碍的治疗效果。使用超声回波图或肌电图引导来识别肌张力障碍肌肉的注射技术对患者可能更有益。
