University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, Houston, TX, United States.
University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, United States.
Addict Behav. 2017 Dec;75:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.06.014. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
It is widely recognized that smoking is related to abdominal pain and discomfort, as well as gastrointestinal disorders. Research has shown that visceral sensitivity, experiencing anxiety around gastrointestinal sensations, is associated with poorer gastrointestinal health and related health outcomes. Visceral sensitivity also increases anxiety symptoms and mediates the relation with other risk factors, including gastrointestinal distress. No work to date, however, has evaluated visceral sensitivity in the context of smoking despite the strong association between smoking and poor physical and mental health. The current study sought to examine visceral sensitivity as a unique predictor of cigarette dependence, threat-related smoking abstinence expectancies (somatic symptoms and harmful consequences), and perceived barriers for cessation via anxiety symptoms. Eighty-four treatment seeking adult daily smokers (M=45.1years [SD=10.4]; 71.6% male) participated in this study. There was a statistically significant indirect effect of visceral sensitivity via general anxiety symptoms on cigarette dependence (b=0.02, SE=0.01, Bootstrapped 95% CI [0.006, 0.05]), smoking abstinence somatic expectancies (b=0.10, SE=0.03, Bootstrapped 95% CI [0.03, 0.19]), smoking abstinence harmful experiences (b=0.13, SE=0.05, Bootstrapped 95% CI [0.03, 0.25]), and barriers to cessation (b=0.05, SE=0.06, Bootstrapped 95% CI [0.01, 0.13]). Overall, the present study serves as an initial investigation into the nature of the associations between visceral sensitivity, anxiety symptoms, and clinically significant smoking processes among treatment-seeking smokers. Future work is needed to explore the extent to which anxiety accounts for relations between visceral sensitivity and other smoking processes (e.g., withdrawal, cessation outcome).
人们普遍认识到，吸烟与腹痛和不适以及胃肠道紊乱有关。研究表明，内脏敏感性（即对胃肠道感觉的焦虑）与较差的胃肠道健康和相关健康结果有关。内脏敏感性还会增加焦虑症状，并介导与其他风险因素（包括胃肠道不适）的关系。然而，迄今为止，尽管吸烟与身心健康不良之间存在很强的关联，但没有研究评估吸烟与内脏敏感性之间的关系。本研究旨在通过焦虑症状，研究内脏敏感性作为吸烟依赖性、与威胁相关的戒烟预期（躯体症状和有害后果）以及戒烟感知障碍的独特预测因子。84 名寻求治疗的成年每日吸烟者（M=45.1 岁[SD=10.4]；71.6%为男性）参与了这项研究。内脏敏感性通过一般焦虑症状对吸烟依赖性（b=0.02，SE=0.01，Bootstrapped 95%置信区间[0.006，0.05]）、戒烟躯体预期（b=0.10，SE=0.03，Bootstrapped 95%置信区间[0.03，0.19]）、戒烟有害体验（b=0.13，SE=0.05，Bootstrapped 95%置信区间[0.03，0.25]）和戒烟障碍（b=0.05，SE=0.06，Bootstrapped 95%置信区间[0.01，0.13]）存在统计学上显著的间接影响。总体而言，本研究初步探讨了内脏敏感性、焦虑症状与治疗中吸烟者临床显著吸烟过程之间的关系本质。需要进一步研究来探索焦虑在多大程度上解释了内脏敏感性与其他吸烟过程（例如戒断、戒烟结果）之间的关系。
