Darmaillacq Anne-Sophie, Mezrai Nawel, O'Brien Caitlin E, Dickel Ludovic
UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Université de Caen-Université de Rennes 1, Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Team NECCCaen, France.
Front Physiol. 2017 Jun 13;8:402. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00402. eCollection 2017.
Cuttlefish are highly visual animals, a fact reflected in the large size of their eyes and visual-processing centers of their brain. Adults detect their prey visually, navigate using visual cues such as landmarks or the -vector of polarized light and display intense visual patterns during mating and agonistic encounters. Although much is known about the visual system in adult cuttlefish, few studies have investigated its development and that of visually-guided behavior in juveniles. This review summarizes the results of studies of visual development in embryos and young juveniles. The visual system is the last to develop, as in vertebrates, and is functional before hatching. Indeed, embryonic exposure to prey, shelters or complex background alters postembryonic behavior. Visual acuity and lateralization, and polarization sensitivity improve throughout the first months after hatching. The production of body patterning in juveniles is not the simple stimulus-response process commonly presented in the literature. Rather, it likely requires the complex integration of visual information, and is subject to inter-individual differences. Though the focus of this review is vision in cuttlefish, it is important to note that other senses, particularly sensitivity to vibration and to waterborne chemical signals, also play a role in behavior. Considering the multimodal sensory dimensions of natural stimuli and their integration and processing by individuals offer new exciting avenues of future inquiry.
乌贼是高度依赖视觉的动物，这一事实体现在它们眼睛的大尺寸以及大脑的视觉处理中心上。成年乌贼通过视觉探测猎物，利用地标或偏振光矢量等视觉线索导航，并在交配和争斗相遇时展示强烈的视觉图案。尽管对成年乌贼的视觉系统已有很多了解，但很少有研究调查其视觉系统的发育以及幼体视觉引导行为的发育。这篇综述总结了胚胎和幼龄乌贼视觉发育研究的结果。与脊椎动物一样，视觉系统是最后发育的，并且在孵化前就已具备功能。事实上，胚胎期接触猎物、庇护所或复杂背景会改变幼体后的行为。视觉敏锐度、偏侧化以及偏振敏感度在孵化后的头几个月里不断提高。幼体身体图案的产生并非文献中通常描述的简单刺激 - 反应过程。相反，它可能需要视觉信息的复杂整合，并且存在个体差异。尽管本综述的重点是乌贼的视觉，但需要注意的是，其他感官，特别是对振动和水体化学信号的敏感度，在行为中也发挥着作用。考虑到自然刺激的多模态感官维度以及个体对它们的整合与处理，为未来的研究提供了新的、令人兴奋的途径。
