Electropolymerized Pyrrole-Based Conductive Polymeric Ionic Liquids and Their Application for Solid-Phase Microextraction.

Pyrrole was covalently bonded to 1-methyl and 1-benzylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) via an N-substituted alkyl linkage to prepare electropolymerizable IL monomers with excellent thermal stability. The methylimidazolium IL, [pyrrole-CMIm], was then electropolymerized on macro- and microelectrode materials to form conductive polymeric IL (CPIL)-modified surfaces. Electrochemical characterization of a 1.6 mm diameter Pt disk electrode modified with poly[pyrrole-CMIm] demonstrated a selective uptake for an anionic redox probe while rejecting a cationic redox probe. Furthermore, electropolymerization of [pyrrole-CMIm] doped with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) on 125 μm platinum wires produced 42 μm thick poly[pyrrole-CMIm]/SWNT films compared to 17 μm in the absence of SWNT and 5 μm for the previously reported poly[thiophene-CMIm] coatings. The poly[pyrrole-CMIm]/SWNT films were prepared with reproducible thicknesses as well as thermal properties sufficient for high-temperature applications, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatographic analysis. The utilization of the CPIL sorbent materials in SPME experiments provided excellent extraction efficiencies and selectivity toward organic aromatic analytes. The CPIL sorbent coatings also yielded outstanding fiber-to-fiber reproducibility on the basis of extraction efficiencies and improved response for a range of analytes relative to commercial 100 μm poly(dimethylsiloxane) fibers when normalized for differences in film thickness. Poly[pyrrole-CMIm] CPIL coatings doped with SWNT are therefore promising new sorbent materials for SPME analyses.